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– Powder Technology 173 (2007) 93 106 www.elsevier.com/locate/powtec Optical in-situ measurement of filter cake height during bag filter plant operation a,a,b Mahmood Saleem ,Gernot Krammer a Institute for Apparatus Design, Particle Technology, and Combustion, Graz University of Technology, Austria b Department of Energy and Process Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway Received 22 August 2006; received in revised form 12 September 2006; accepted 1December 2006 Available online 15 December 2006 Abstract Apilot scale jet pulsed bag filter test facility is operated at conditions similar to those of the industrial bag filters. The facility is equipped with astereo vision based optical system for in-situ cake height distribution measurements on the bag filter surface. Experimental data are presented and data evaluation procedures are discussed to elaborate the features of the measuring system. The results show that the cake height distribution becomes narrower towards the end of filtration cycles. Asteep pressure drop rise is observed at the start of afiltration cycle in the absence of re-attachment and anon-uniform bag cleaning, which may be attributed to different cake properties. The specific cake resistance remains constant over the linear part of the pressure drop curve indicating anon-compressible cake formation. The analysis of residual cake patches shows alarge number of small sized cake patches and afew large sized cake patches on the filter surface. The cake patch size increases with the cake formation. The fractal analysis of patches boundary indicates preferential cake formation at the boundary of the residual cake patches shortly after regeneration. ©2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Cake height; Distribution; Bag filter; Gas cleaning; Optical measurement; Cake patch size; Experimental; Fractal dimension +43 3168737486; fax: +43 3168737492. E-mail address: (M. Saleem). mughal@sbox.tugraz.at 1. Introduction 0032-5910/$ -see front matter ©2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2006.12.008 Bag filters, having excellent separation efficiency N (99.99%) for coarse as well as fine particles, provide a evolution, and the factors affecting them is important for very good choice for process engineers to meet stringent better understanding of the filter behavior. solid emission levels. The filter pressure drop (P) over The bag filter consists of cylindrical bags made of woven or time for the jet-pulse bag filters commonly exhibits steep needle felt fabrics. The bags are supported on metal cage rods increase after jet pulse (JP) cleaning for short duration. It is and are hanging from asupport plate inside the housing. The bags followed by amoderate and linear rise over the rest of the might be arranged in rows, in one or more compartments. The gas filtration cycle. This phenomenon is commonly related to stream pervades the permeable filter media and the dust is in-complete cake detachment or patchy cleaning. The separated on the surface of the filter media and forms adust cake. patchy cleaning gives rise to anon-uniform cake load The forming cake is asource of increasing flow resistance. The distribution on the bag filter and hence affect cake industrial units and hence the bag filters operate mostly at formation and its detachment. Quantitative knowledge of constant gas flow; therefore, afan at the discharge provides the cake height distributions, their necessary head to compensate for increasing P. Afiltration cycle starts at alower Pas the dust laden gas flows through the filter. The Pincreases with the cake formation on the filter medium. The end of the cycle is reached as soon as the P Corresponding author. Institute for Apparatus Design, Particle Technology, and Combustion, Graz University of Technology, Austria. Tel.:
