被动语态详解(Word版)

被动语态详解一、语态分类英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如：They will build a new bridge over

(4) 语态转换时所注意的问题： 被动语态详解 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时 保持一致 态要与原句时态，其谓语动词的数要与新主 一、语态分类 保持一致 语。 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主 We have bought anew computer. 动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语 Anew computer has been bought. () 正确 是动作的承受者。如： Anew computer have been bought. () 错误 They will build anew bridge over the river. () 主动 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其 Anew bridge will be built over the river. () 被动 中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾 “”“”“”“” 汉语中常用被、给、由、受等词用 语为主语时比较多。 be+ 助动词及物动词的过去 来表示被动，而英语用： My uncle gave me apresent on my birthday. 分词 构成。 Iwas given apresent on my birthday. () 保留宾语 二、被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 () 如果把直接宾语指物改为主语，则在间接宾语 (1)bebe 主要体现在的变化上，其形式与系动词 () 指人前加适当的介词，如上句还可以说： give 的变化形式完全一样。以为例，列表如下： Apresent was given to me yesterday. am /is /are +given 一般现在时： 注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介 was /were +given 一般过去时： tobring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, 词，如： shall /will +given 一般将来时： promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。 should /would +given 一般过去将来时： The cup with mixture was showed to the class. am /is /are +being +given 现在进行时： My bike was lent to her. was /were +being +given 过去进行时： for 间接宾语前用介词 一般在下列动词后，如： have /has +been +given 现在完成时： build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, had +been +given 过去完成时： keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。 shall /will +have been +given 将来完成时： Mother made me anew skirt. (A new skirt was should /would +have been + 过去将来完成时： made for me.) given The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. 注：被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 根据动词与介词的搭配 tofor 有些既不用也不用， (2) 含有情态动词的被动语态：含有情态动词的被 关系 。 +be+ 情态动词及物动词的过去分词 “” 动语态是由构成。 He ask me aquestion. (A question was asked of You must hand in your compositions after class. ① me.) Your compositions must be handed in after class. People all over the world know the Great Wall. He can write agreat many letters with the ② The Great Wall is known to people all over the computer. world. (by) 不用短语 Agreat many letters can be written with the + 动词介词或副词 3. 由构成的短语动词，要把它们 computer by him. 作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副 (3) 主动语态变被动语态的方法： 词不可拆开或漏掉。这类动词有： My aunt invited me to her dinner party. ① agree to, ask for, laugh + 不及物动词介词 ，如： 主语谓语宾语 at, operated on, listen to, look after, think of, talk →I was invited (by my aunt )to her dinner about 等。 party. The patient is being operated on. 主语谓语宾语 The problem is solved. It needn't be talked about. The school set up aspecial class to help poor ② bring about, carry out, find + 及物动词副词 ：如： readers. out, give up, hand in, make out, pass on, point out, →A special class to help poor readers was set up in put away, put off, think over, turn down, work out, the school. turn out 等。 1. 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。 His request was turned down. be+ 过去分 2. 把主动语态的谓语变成被动语态的 The sports meet will be put off because of the 词 ，时态要与原句保持一致。 bad weather. 3.by 把主动语态的主语变为介词的宾语，放在被 4.(+) 带复合宾语宾语宾补的动词改为被动语态时， by 动语态里谓语动词之后，短语可以省略。如果原句 一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保 in+ 主语是地点名词，在被动语态中用地点名词作状语。 留在谓语动词后面。如：