CHAPTER FOUR RESULTS - University of Windsor：四章研究-温莎大学

Chapter Four: Results This chapter sum__rizes the results of the statistical ____yses. A descriptio

CHAPTERFOUR:RESULTS Thischaptersum__rizestheresultsofthestatistical____yses.Adescriptionof thedatascreeningpro__ssisprovidedfollowedbyasum__ryofthesample characteristics.Finally,thestatistical____ysisassociatedwitheachoftherequired reliabilityandvaliditymeasuresforinstrumenttestingispresented.Allstatistical calculationsofthedatawerecompletedthroughtheuseoftheStatisticalPackageforthe SocialScien__s(SPSS)version16computerprogram. DataScreeningand____ysis Screeningofthedatabytheresearcherrevealednomissingdataontheitems returnedbythepanelofexpertsandthefourfocusgroupparticipants.However,there weremissingdatainthequestionnairepackagesusedforinstrumenttesting (demographicdatasheet,CPIQ,andHHIspecifically).Ofthe108questionnaires returnedtenhadmissingdata(1%):eightquestionnairesweremissingoneitemandtwo weremissingtwoitems.Inorderto__oiddroppingalltencases,whichwouldresultina reductioninsamplesizeandstatisticalpower(Fox-Waslyshyn&El-__sri,2005),case meansubstitutionwasusedtorepla__missingvaluesontheHHIspecifically(an establishedquestionnaire).Usingcasemeanstoesti__tethemissingvalueisa recognizedsolutionformissingdata(Polit&Beck,2004).Sin__theamountofmissing datawaslow(lessthan5%),thechoi__ofapproachtohandlingmissingdatashould h__elittleimpactontheoverallstatisticalresults(Polit&Beck;Roth&Switzer,1995). TwoquestionnairepackageshadmissingdataspecificallyontheCPIQ.Case meanssubstitutionwouldnotbeappropriateinthiscaseastheCPIQisnotanestablished