新教材适用2024版高考英语二轮总复习第2部分阅读能力突破篇专题1阅读理解第7讲体裁破解__说明文

第二部分　专题一　第7讲A(2023·河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级一模)Foods high in sugar are unhealthy, but these additives are too de

第二部分专题一第7讲 A (2023·河北省石家庄市高中毕业年级一模) Foodshighinsugarareunhealthy,buttheseadditivesaretoodeliciousfor manyofustogiveuporreduceinaway．Whatifwecouldsomehowenjoytheir tastewithoutactuallyeatingthem?Astudentteamhasnowdesignedaspoonwith astructurethatstimulatestastebuds(味蕾)toproduceasenseofsweetness withoutaddingcaloriesorchemicals．Theprojectfollowspreviouswork involvingfavor-enhancingcutlerylikechopsticksthatincreasesweetnesswitha mildelectriccurrent． Thefiveundergraduateandgraduateresearchstudentswantedtocreateanew spooncalledSugarwareforpeoplewithsuchdisordersasdiabetes,withwhich sugarislargelyofftheirmenu． Thenewspoonwouldhaveseveralbumps(凸起)onitsundersidetopress againstthetongue．Thebumpscanbecoveredwithapermanentlayerofmolecules (分子)calledligands．Theseligandsbondwithtaste-cellreceptorproteinsthat typicallyreacttosugarmoleculesorartificialsweeteners．Thebondcan activatenervesignals,causingthebraintoregisterasenseofsweetness．A dinercouldthusstimulatesweetnessreceptorswithoutactualintakeofsugaror artificialsweeteners． Thisideaissimilartothepreviousworkinthattheyallusecutleryto enhancetastewithoutauserhavingtoactuallyconsumeanysugar．“Butthe mechanismforstimulatingthetastebudsiscompletelydifferent，”ShiyuXu, oneofthestudentresearchers,says,“Itusesbumpsandtaste-bud-stimulating moleculesratherthanelectricity．” Theideais“verycreative，”saysPaolaAlmeida,whoistheglobal directorofcorporateinnovationatcandymakerMars．Buttheproduct's commercialsuccesswouldrequireasignificantbehavioralshiftamongconsumers: