英文文学导论论文

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TheSurveyofBritishLiterature 11022011013762 计科班张健学号 Literatureisatermusedtodescribewrittenorspokenmaterial.Broadly speaking,itisusedtodescribeanythingfromcreativewritingtomoretechnical worksofthe orscientificworks,butthetermismostcommonlyusedtoreferto creativeimagination,includingworksofpoetry,drama,fiction,and nonfiction.ThesurveyofBritishliteraturecanbedevidedinto7periods. OldandMedievalperiods(4501066) --- AfterthefalloftheRomanEmpireandthewithdrawalofRomantroopsfrom Albion,theaboriginalCelticpopulationofthelargerpartoftheislandwassoon conqueredandalmosttotallyexterminatedbytheTeutonictribesofAngles, SaxonsandJuteswhocamefromthecontinentandsettledintheisland,namingits centralpartAnglia,orEngland. FornearlyfourhundredyearspriortothecomingoftheEnglish,Britain hadbeenaRomanprovince.In410A.D.theRomanswithdrewtheirlegionsfrom BritaintoprotectRomeherselfagainstswarmsofTeutonicinvaders.About449a bandofTeutons,calledJutes,leftDenmark,landedontheIsleofThanet. WarriorsfromthetribesoftheAnglesandtheSaxonssoonfollowed,anddrove westwardtheoriginalinhabitants. Theliteratureofthisperiodfallsnaturallyintotwodivisions, ---ReligiousandSecular.InreadingtheearliestpoetryofEnglanditiswellto rememberthatallofitwascopiedbythemonks,andseemstohavebeenmoreor lessalteredtogiveitareligiouscoloring. TheSongofBeowulf canbejustlytermedEngland’snationalepicand itsheroBeowulf---oneofthenationalheroesoftheEnglishpeople. TheSongofBeowulf Theonlyexistingmanuscriptofwaswrittenbyan th unknownscribeatthebeginningofthe10centuryandwasnotdiscovered TheSong until1750.wascomposedmuchearlier,andreflectseventswhich th tookplaceontheContinentapproximatelyatthebeginningofthe6 century,whentheforefathersoftheJuteslivedinthesouthernpartofthe Scandinavianpeninsulaandmaintainedcloserelationswithkindredtribes, e.g.withtheDaneswholivedontheothersideofthestraits. th Medievalperiods(1066mid-14century) --- Intheyear1066,atthebattleofHastings,theNormansheadedbyWilliam, DukeofNormandy,defeatedtheAnglo-Saxons. TheNormanswereoriginallyahardyraceofsearoversinhabitingScandinavia. InthetenthcenturytheyconqueredapartofnorthernFrance,whichisstillcalled Normandy,andrapidlyadoptedFrenchcivilizationandtheFrenchlanguage.Their conquestofAnglo-SaxonEnglandunderWilliam,DukeofNormandy,beganwith thebattleofHastingsin1066.