金属铸造过程外文翻译-其他专业

附录1：英文资料Metal-Casting ProcessesAbstract-Following a description of the fundamentals of solidificatio

附录1：英文资料 Metal-CastingProcesses Followingadescriptionofthefundamentalsofsolidificationofmetalsin Abstract- theprecedingchapterandtherolesoffluidflowandheattransferinmolds,wenow describeindetail: ● Characteristicsofexpendable-moldandpermanent-moldprocesses. Applicationsadvantages,andlimitationsofcommoncastingprocesses. ● Castingofsinglecrystals. ● Inspectiontechniquesforcastings. ● Briefreviewoffoundriesandtheirautomation. Typicalproductsmadebycasting:engineblocks,crankshafts,hubcaps,power tools,turbineblades,plumbing,zipperteeth,diesandmolds,gears,railroadwheels, propellers,officeequipment,statues,andhousings. Alternativeprocesses:forging,powdermetallurgy,machining,andfabrication. 11.1 Introduction Thefirstmetalcastingsweremadeduringtheperiodfrom4000to3000B.C., usingstoneandmetalmoldsforcastingcopper.Variouscastingprocesseshavebeen developedovertime,eachwithitsowncharacteristicsandapplications(seealsoFig. 1.7a),tomeetspecificengineeringandservicerequirements(Table11.1).Alarge varietyofpartsandcomponentsaremadebycasting,suchasengineblocks, crankshafts,automotivecomponentsandpowertrains(Fig.11.1),agriculturaland railroadequipment,pipesandplumbingfixtures,powertools,gunbarrels,fryingpans, officeequipment,andverylargecomponentsforhydraulicturbines. Twotrendshavehadamajorimpactonthecastingindustry.Thefirstisthe mechanizationandautomationofthecastingprocess,whichhasledtosignificant changesintheuseofequipmentandlabor.Advancedmachineryandautomated process-controlsystemshavereplacedtraditionalmethodsofcasting.Thesecond majortrendhasbeentheincreasingdemandforhigh-qualitycastingswithclose dimensionaltolerances. Thischapterisorganizedaroundthemajorclassificationsofcastingpractices (seeFig..2intheIntroductiontoPart).Theseclassificationsarerelatedtomold ⅡⅡ materials,moldingprocesses,andmethodsoffeedingthemoldwithmoltenmetal.