英语语言学期末考试重点精编

英语语言学期末考试重点1.What is language?2.Design features of language①Arbitrariness(任意性)refers to the forms of

英语语言学期末考试重点 1.What is language? 2.Design features of language Arbitrariness() ① refers to the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship 任意性 to their meaning. (sounds and meanings) Duality: ②（） 二层性 Productivity/creativity ③ (:Language is productive in that it makes possible the 创造性） construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. Displacement(): ④ 移位性 3.Functions of language Informative ① (): to give information about facts. (ideational) 信息功能 Interpersonal ② (): to establish and maintain social status in asociety.(age, sex, 人际功能 language, background, accent, status) Performative ③ () :language is used to do things, to perform certain actions. 施为功能 (name, promise, apologize, sorry, declare) .Emotive/Expressive ④ (): to express feelings and attitudes of the speaker. 情感功能 ⑤ ( 寒暄交流 Recreational function ⑥ (): the use of language for sheer joy. (lyrics, poetry) 娱乐 Metalingual function ⑦ (): to talk about language itself. 元语言功能 4. What is linguistics? Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 5. Important distinctions in linguistics Descriptive &prescriptive Synchronic &diachronic Langue &parole 6.Descriptive (/)describe and analyze linguistic facts or the language people 描写述性— actually use (modern linguistic) Prescriptive ()lay down rules for correct and standard linguistic behavior in 规定性—“” using language (traditional grammar: never use adouble negative”) “ 7.Synchronic study ()description of alanguage at some point of time (modern 共时— linguistics) Diachronic study ( )description of alanguage as it changes through time (historical 历时— development of language over aperiod of time) 第四章 1What is Syntax ? ．（句法） Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituentssentences. 句法就 是研究语言的不同成分组成句子的规则 2Four Approaches :( ． The traditional approach Parts of speechSyntactic 传统语言观、 ) 不考 FunctionCategoryConcord and governmentThe 、范畴、一致关系和支配关系、 structural approachThe generative approachThe functional approach 结构语言观、、功能语 1/ 5