园艺专业英语全部16章

PAR=photosynthetic active radiation 光合有效辐射DIF temperature 昼夜温差EC：electrical conductivity 电导率NFT:nut

PAR=photosynthetic active radiation 光合 C. Optimal harvest planning To develop new applications, e.g. 5.PH 土壤是另一个重要的化学性质，他决 supply ,mineral nutrients ,wind ,temperature 有效辐射 D. Risk management(prevention of information systems or expert systems. 定营养物质供给的有效性。对于多数温室作 ,and humidity .The relative ability of DIF temperature 昼夜温差 calamities) 4.Why is it said that operational PH 6~7 物而言，最适宜的为。 sink organs and tissues to mobilize ECelectrical conductivity ：电导率 E. Environment goals(use of pesticides and management is the heart of greenhouse Soil PH is another important chemical photosynthate depends on their size ,stage NFT:nutrient-film or flow technique 营养 energy) operation? property ,determining the availability of of development ,and the distance between 液膜技术 F. Optimal crop condition(on behalf of Because the operational management nutrients .The PH recommended for most the source and the sink . CO2 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 previously named goals) applies to the short-term cycle of planning greenhouse crops is 6.0-7.0 . 三、汉译英 O2 oxygen 氧气 G. Cost management(energy,CO2,labor) implementation-evaluation and control of Lesson5 无土栽培 1 、园艺作物库需求强烈地影响叶片光合效 PPFD photosynthetic photon flux density 2. How do you understand the statement the production process and production 1.could you please give adefinition for 率。例如，在生长发育期间去掉马铃薯块茎， 光合作用光子通量密度 "protected cultivation is an economic means. “soilless cultivation ”? 叶片的光合作用明显下降。短期反应可能是 NAR net assimilation rate 净同 activity"? 5.What information is used to evaluate a soilless cultivation is defined as that the 气孔关闭效应，但这无法解释常见的持续影 化率 Protected cultivation is akind of intensive greenhouse operation ? subsrtates for crop growing are not soil , / 响作用。有些时候，当库源比显著增大时， GA gibberellin 赤霉素 production .Growers invest capital ,labors The information from business but are some soil substiture such as 一些衰老的叶片会恢复期光合作用。另一方 SAM——S-adenosylmethionine, S- 腺苷甲硫 and some other things to get benefit from administration and business comparisons lightweight media in containers or 面，快速生长的库有时会同叶片竞争可移动 . 氨酸 the production .Therefore ,Climate control serves as an excellent basis for the / bagspots irrigated with nutrient solution . 的氮，导致叶片衰老脱落，降低其光和能力。 IPM Integrated Pest Management 有害生 of greenhouse must be seen within the evaluation. Or there are no any cultivating media but 1.Demand of sink in horticultural crop 物综合治理 framework of the total business goals ,such only something for supporting plants and stongly influence photosynthetic rate of the 翻译 as high production of good quality crops are directly growing in the nutrient leaf .For example ,removing the potato products ,at right time ,at acceptable cost solution. tubers during the period growth and 战略计划指导经营计划的选择和执行，例如 Lesson 1 设施园艺 and acceptable risk ,and with an 2.please define the NFT system . development ,leaf photosynthesis decreases 它包括耐用生产设施（温室设施、内部设施） 1 .How is the greenhouse defined environmental impact which is as limited NFT growing systems consist of series of obviously. The short-term reflect may 以及种植作物的选择。战略计划是长期计 according to this lesson? as possible. narrow channels through which nutrient make the stomata dosure ,but it can’t 5 划，它们至少应用年。战术计划的目标是 The greenhouse is defined as a 3. How does the crop react to its growing solutiong is re-circulated from supply tank explain the common long-term effect. 较好的使用战略计划所提供的生产设施，涉 transparent enclosure to grow or surroundings? .Its basic characteristic is the shallow Sometimes ,when the sink source ratio 1-5 及年的使用期。种植计划就是战术计划 temporally protect plants. Response of the crop to its surroundings depth of solution that is maintained in the increase significantly ,some old leaves will ( 就是战术计划的一个例子。种植作物如具 2. What does aChinese contains slow-reacting and fast-reacting channels .Flow is usually continuous ,but restore its photosynthesis .On the other ) 体的管理是温室经营的核心。 solar-greenhouse look like? process .Slow-reacting processes are ,for sometimes systems are operated hand ,sometimes rapidly growing sink will Strategic planning results in selection AChinese greenhouse consists of a example ,leaf and flower development intermittently by supplying solution afew compete with leaves for movable nitrogen and adaptation of aplan. It concerns, for brick wall east-west. On it’s southern ,morphogenesis ,and fry matter minutes every hour. which leading to the leaf’s obscission and example; the selection of durable side, atransparent surface consisting accumulation and distribution .Fast-reacting 3.please list some substrates used for reducing its capacity of photosynthesis. production means (greenhouse building(s) of steel frames or bamboo sticks processes include photosynthesis and medium cultivation. 2 、人们仍然不十分清楚库需求是如何影响 and interior furnishings) and crop(s) to be covered with plastic film, and at transpiration. The substrates used for media cultivation 叶光合的。最简单的解释是叶片积累光合产 grown. These and other strategic plans are night or in cold weather also with 4. What does the PAR mean ?What does are peat-litter ,a mixture of bark and 物导致对光合作用的抑制。但测试这一假说 long-term plans. The apply to aperiod of rush mats. is placed at an angle 30 "the DIF method "mean? wood chips ,rock-wool ,gravel ,sawdust 的尝试通常得到相反的结果。而实际上，光 at least five years. Tactical planning aims to 40 degrees to the horizontal. PAR means photosynthetic active ,vermiculite and so on . 合产物似乎也不在叶肉细胞的叶绿体附近 at the optimal use of the available 3. Please describe the development of radiation.DIF method is that the night 4.what are the major advantages of 积聚。还需要进一步研究库源间的关系，以 production means described in the strategic greenhouse cultivation in the temperature is purposefully kept higher peat-lite over other types of soilless 便促进园艺作物增产。 plan, concerning aperiod of 1-5 years. Netherlands? than the day temperature in order to medium? At present ,it is still not clear that how The crop production plan is an example of Simple over-winter sheds used up shorten the intermodal length ,which yields a.The medium materials have excellent does the demends of the sinks affect the tactical planning. Growing the crops, i.e. to the 1920s and store-frames, amore compact plant. retention qualities for nutrients and water. leaf photosythesis. The most simple operational management, is the heart of the placed against the walls to protect 5 .What are the main climate factors in b.Containers of medium are readily moved explanation is that the leaves accumulating greenhouse operation. vines were photographed in 1928. At greenhouse? in or out of the greenhouse whenever photoassimilates result in the restraint of th the beginning of the 20 century, The main factors in greenhouse are necessary or desirable. photosythsis. Howere ,the experiement of Lesson 4 土壤性质 90%of the area used for protected light,CO2,temperature and air-humidity. c.They are lightweight and easily handled. examining the hypothesis usually gets the 1.what is the definition of the cation cultivation in the Netherlands 6. Why must climate factor be kept within d.The medium is useful for several opposite results. In fect, the exchange capacity? consisted of cold frames or hotbeds certain limits ?Please give an example. successive crops . photoassimilates seemly are not The cation exchange capacity is the .the use of dutch light double light Climate factors must remain within certain e.The containers are significantly less accumulated around the chloroplasts of , storage for nutrients and other ions frames,was introduced at the limits in order to prevent problems with expensive and less time-consuming to mesophyll cell. The further research about determining the nutrient supply or soil th beginning of the 20centuryThere 。 quality .For example ,at lower light level install. the relation between source and sinks is fertility. 2 gl were 32.9 kmasshouse in 1950. it will result in poor product development f.In comparison with re-circulated needed in ordered to increase production 2.what is soil texture ?what does the soil 4. Could you please think about the ,susceptibility or perish ability. Upper hydroponics systems ,the nutrient solution of horticulture crops. salinity mean? development of greenhouse cultivation In limit of light will result in plant damage. system is less complicated and less Lesson 7 园艺产品的质量与收获 There are three particle size classes china? expensive to manage . :<,0.002-0.05 distinguished0.002and 简答 In 1950s and 1960s,main protected 气候控制不能被看做是与作物相隔离得， 1. 1.compared with are-circulated nutrient ,,, 0.05-2mmdefined as clay silt and sand types were wind-break, cold and hot 因为温室气候控制就是要试图创造作物理 solution system ,what are the advantages , respectively. The ratio between these 1.Why do early-ripening fruit cultivars frame. Large plastic house and 想的生长条件。 in the bag or pot system in which the fractions classifies the texture of the soil . generally contain less soluble solids than solar-greenhouse appeared in china from Climate control can not be seen as 2. solution is not re-circulated? The soil salinity means it affects plant late ripening ones? early 1960s. isolated with the crop was, because The concentration and balance of nutrients growth by increasing the osmotic potential 2.How does temperature affect the quality Energy-saving solar greenhouse is the greenhouse climate control is to try to in solution fed to the plants is the same of the soil solution causing plant water of horticultural crops during and after leading tape in our country today. The create ideal growing conditions for crops. at each application .This eliminates the stress and decreasing water uptake. harvest? development of large greenhouse and ridge 作物状况是指在较长一段时间内决定作物 need to sample and analyze the solution 3.what do soil physical properties include? Temperature can affect the quality of and furrow multi-span house has begun to 体内同化产物运输能力特征的复合体。 periodically to determine the kind of Why is it said that the physical properties horticultural crops directly, which mainly set up. Crop condition concerns acomplex of necessary adjustments ,and avoids the of the soil are of greatest importance for contains two aspects—the picking 5, please list protected facilities currently properties which determine the capacity of possibility of solution excess or success in greenhouse culture ? temperature and the storage temperature. used in china? the crop to deliver good production over deficiencies. Soil physical properties include soil Suitable temperature can keep the Protected facilities currently used in an extended period. 2.a stable 岩棉块有稳定的机构（ texture and soil structure. respiration of cells in alow condition and china include wind breaks ,cold-and 3. 通过气候控制提高作物质量的一个例子， structure ），匀质性好，无毒，化学性质稳定 Soil texture and structure determine the then reduce the loss of nutrition. To hot-frames ,mulches ,floatinges , 就是最近发展的温差概念。 chemically inert （）。岩棉作为无土栽培基 rate of water movement in the soil ,the ensure high commodity quality, harvest row-covers ,plastic house ,turmels One example of quality improvement 质在过去的十几年间发展速度很快。 water holding capacity and the drainage . should be scheduled during the coolest energy-saving solar greenhouses , through climate control is the recently The rock-wool slabs have astable Soils which tent to drain slowly show part of the day and maintain proper glasshouses and so on. developed concept of DIF temperatures. structure ,are homogeneous ,sterile and aeration problems ,since soil pores filled temperature in cold storage rooms. 翻译 4. 设施园艺作物栽培中，生产者对于环境管 chemically inert .The use of rock-wool as with water prevent oxygen diffusion and 3.What is the field heat and how can it 设施园艺是指在园艺作物生长发育的寒冷 理的重点是根据作物的特征和作物对环境 agrowth substrate has grown at avery the uptake of oxygen by the plant roots be reduced? 或炎热季节，利用保温、防寒或降温、降雨 的要求，尽可能使作物与环境间协调，统一， fast rate during the last decade. ,necessary for respiration and ion uptake . 4.What are the advantages and 设施，人为地创造园艺作物生长发育的小气 平衡，人工创造出作物生育所需的最佳综合 3. 容器培或袋培中使用的轻量基质 Therefore ,physical properties of the soil disadvantages of the hand harvesting 候环境，使园艺作物的生产不受或少受自然 环境条件，从而实现园艺作物栽培的优质、 lightweight media （）以及岩棉块，通常作 are of the greatest importance for success technique? 季节的影响。由于生产的季节往往是在露地 高产、高效。 为无土栽培中的固体栽培基质。 in greenhouse culture. Advantages: harvesters use the unique “ 自然环境下难以生产的时节，又称反季节 In the protected crop cultivation ,the most Lightweight media in containers or bags 4.please explain the function of soil combination of eyes, brain, and hands to ”“”“” 栽培不时栽培促成栽培 important goals of growers in the control and rock-wool mats are the most amendments . harvest delicate and perishable crops with Protected cultivation which is called of climate is making the relationship commonly used as solid-medium in the Soil amendments increase the soil minimal loss and bruising. They can be “out-of-season cultivation “no-date between crops and environments as soilless culture . organic matter content ,improve trained to select only those fruits or cultivation “force culture promote nature harmonious, uniform, and balance as 4. 无土栽培中养分和水分的供应，通常是通 aggregation and water infiltration ,and vegetables of the correct maturity to cultivation ,because it could be used for possible according to crop's characteristic trickle irrigation system 过滴灌系统（），多 decrease the bulk density and crust reduce the amount of material the must be cultivation horticultural crops during cold and its demand for environment, in order dripper 数情况下一个植株一个滴头（） following the addition of large amounts of removed on the grading line in the and hot periods by using some facilities of to create the optimal condition for crop Water and nutrition is given by means of manure to the soil . packing shed. keeping warm ,preventing cold and growth, thereby, achieve the high quality, trickle irrigation system in the soilless 5.please explain why “the short-term Disadvantages: Most fruits can bedetached rain-proof. Protect. Cultivation the date of high production and high deficiency in culture ,and mostly one dripper per plant effects of manure addition are not always without the use of any tools, but no product on the ground, was defined as horticultural crop cultivation. . beneficial .” vegetables and some fruits are man made climate environment using Lesson3 园艺信息模型 After giving additional manure , removed by cutting with some holding warm, resistance to cold or decline 1. According to the definition ,what is the Lessom6 () 干物质生产与贡献源库关系 sometimes the rapid increase of microbial sort of knife or shears. temperature and persist rain facilities in aim of agreenhouse operation? 1What are the green organs of the plant 、 populations may cause temporary 5.How might cultural practices be changed order to prevent its production from the The aim of agreenhouse operation is to mentioned in the first paragraph? immobilization of plant nutrients , to reduce bruising or improve quality of influence of climate. sell its products,which have nutritional or It’s the leaf that is the green organs of especially nitrogen . the horticultural crops you like most? 风障、阳畦、温床、塑料棚及温室可为露地 ornamental consumer value, to acquire an the plant. 1. 多数土壤改良是增加土壤有机质，补充特 和保护地培育各种蔬菜幼苗、或保护耐寒性 income such that long-term financial 2How does plant distribute photosynthates 、 汉译英 PH 定的营养元素，调节土壤的 蔬菜的幼苗越冬，以便提早定植，获得早熟 benefits exceed investment costs. synthesized by leaves to other organs? Most of soil amendments are increasing 产品。 2.According to figure 3-1, what do adioactive photosynthates from nonbearing 园艺作物产品器官的生长发育要经历成熟、 soil organic matter ,supplement special Wind-break cold and hot frame plastic management processes within agreenhouse spurs moved to fruits on adjacent spurs 完熟和衰老三个不同的阶段。成熟分为生理 nutrient element and adjust the soil PH. tunnel and greenhouse may be used for operation consist of? What are the main .Radioactive carbohydrates synthesized by 成熟和园艺成熟。前者指器官的最后生长阶 2. 土壤是土地的重要组成部分。肥沃的土壤 growing vegetable seedlings for field and contents in each component ? the leaves on vigorously growing shoots 段，成熟的器官才能进入完熟；而后者指最 particle 必须由比例合理的土壤颗粒（）构成， indoor cultivation ,or protecting small Management process within agreenhouse remained principally within the treated 适宜作为园艺产品收获的器官生长阶段，如 nutrient 有平衡的养分（），其中含一些有机 cold-resistant seedlings growing over winter operation is consist of planning, operational shoots . 叶菜类蔬菜采收时并没有达到生理成熟，花 物质，并有适当的适度。 in order to transplant them ahead of time management and control. 3Why does the dwarf apple tree partition 、 卉作物通常在其开花时收获。完熟是果实成 Soil is an important components of the and harvest early products early. Strategic planning and tactical planning is more assimilates for fruit produce than the 熟后开始发育阶段，有的果实可在植株上进 land .Fertile soil must consist of soil 从设施类型看，我国的设施栽培面积最大的 the main contents of planning. Operational standard apple tree? 行完熟，有些果实必须脱离植株后才能完 particles with proper perportion which has 是塑料拱棚和单屋面温室，尤其是不加温的 planning, production process and 4Define the terms light saturation and 、 熟。经过完熟，果实的食用品质达到最佳， balanced nutrients ,some organic matter 节能型日光温室已经成为我国温室的主导 production means is the main contents of compensation point with respect to other 果肉变软，香味浓郁，酸甜适口。衰老是生 and optimal moisture . 类型，目前大型温室或连栋温室的发展也开 operational management. Report and organs? 命活动逐渐终止的过程，园艺作物产品器官 3. 农家肥是园艺传统的土壤改良剂。这是由 始起步。 evaluation is the main contents of control. Light saturation point is the light intensity 品质因此变劣变坏，直至完全失掉其经济价 于它具有双重功效：它不仅是植物营养来 As the protect types, plastic tunnels and 3.What is the definition of the information at which the leaf photosynthetic rate 值。 源，同时对土壤结构有改良作用。 lean to houses, especially un-heated solar model? what is the objective of the reaches amaximum level at agiven The growth and development ,of product Farmyard manure has been the traditional greenhouses, which are largest, protected information models? temperature ,CO2 concentration ,and organs in horticultural crops go through soil amendment in horticulture .Because it cultivation area, have become the leading The information model describes the relative humidity. The light compensation three different stages called maturity, have double function :not only it is a type nowadays, large or multi-span business operation. The description point is the light intensity at which the ripenness and senescence .The maturity source of plant nutrients ,but also it have greenhouse are begun to develop in our provides detailed information, as far as net photosynthetic rate is zero. distinguish to physiological maturity and pastive effects on soil structure. country . relevant far decision-making, on all 5What are the external and internal 、 horticultural maturity .The fomer means 4. 黏粒含量高的土壤很难耕作，这种土质持 Lesson 2 温室气候控制 business activities. factors affecting the production and that the last growth stage of the organ , 有过多的水分并且排水缓慢，因此不适于温 1 .What are the most important goals in the The objects of the information model: distribution of dry matter in horticultural matural organ can get into complete 室栽培。 control of greenhouse climate? To standardize arithmetic()rules and 算术 crops? ripenness .The latter refers to the most Soils with high clay content are more The most important goals in the control of concepts in order to facilitate date The internal factors affecting optimal growing stage of horticultural difficult to handle ,tend to hold excess greenhouse climate could be summarized exchange within and between companies, photosynthesis involve leaf age ,chlorophyll crop’s organ for harvesting ,such as the water and drain slowly ,and are therefore as following: by computer or other means; and nitrogen content ,and crop load .The vegetables which are ate with their leaves less suitable for greenhouse culture. A. High production To fine-true and combine existing external factors affecting photosynthesis don’t get into the physiological maturity B. Optimal product quality computer applications(software); include light quality and intensity ,water when they are harvested ,and the