旅游学概论双语版教学课件2第二章_旅游的产生与发展[修改版]

第一篇：旅游学概论双语版教学课件2第二章_旅游的产生与发展第二章 旅游的产生与发展 Historical Background As has been pointed out by many auth

2_ 第一篇：旅游学概论双语版教学课件第二章旅游的产生与发展 HistoricalBackgroundAshasbeenpointedoutbymanyauthors, 第二章旅游的产生与发展 thehistoriesoftravelandcivilizationareparallel.Earlymankeptonthemovefromonepasture toanother.Tradeandpleasuretravelhavebeenintertwinedforcenturies.Earlytravelerswere explorer-traders,suchasMarcoPolo,whosoughtnewfunctionsandsocietiesoutofcuriosityand yethadincreasedtrademotivations.Pilgrimagestoreligiousmeccas,resortingaroundthe Mediterranean,andparticipationinthespaswerepopularinGreekandRomantimes.Thelowest pointintouristtravelcamewiththeearlyMiddleAgesbecauseoffeudalismandthestringent necessityofworkforsurvival.Religiousvalueswerecoupledwithprohibitionsagainstrecreational travel. Beforemodernscienceandtechnologyidentifiedmanycausesofdisease,thecurative powersofseawaterandspringwaterscontainingmanymineralsbecamepopularhealth objectives.Theseattractionssparkedfashionableresortstheworldover.Inthe17thcentury,in theheydayofBritishhistory,noyoungmanwasthoroughlyeducatedunlesshehadexperienced thearts,architecture,womenandfoodsontheGrandTour.Thetripwasmetwithmanyrisks frombanditsandbadfood,butitusuallyincludedvisitstotheseatsofgovernmentofFrance, Italy,Switzerland,andGermany.Theprioritygiventravelthroughouthistoryisevidentnomatter themodeoftransportation.First,hikingandhorsebackriding,followedbystagecoachtravel, provedthatthedesirewasthere.Majortechnologicaladvances,suchasthetrainandsteamboat, gavenewimpetustotravel,especiallybythewealthierclasses.Travelexplodedwiththe automobile,notbecauseofroadsbutbecauseitopenedupnewmarkets.Forthefirsttime,a personalizedformoftransportationbecameavailabletothemiddleandlowerclasses.Working menandworkingwomen――factoryoperatives,plumbers,waitresses,bankclerks,farmhands, stenographers,storekeepers,subwayguards,millhands,garmentworkers,officeboys,truck drivers―foundcountlesspleasuresandamusementreadilyavailablethathadoncebeenrestricted totheprivilegedfew.Whereastherecreationaltouristtriprepresentedthefirstsurgeof automobileuse,salesandotherbusinesspeoplebegantopopularizetheflexibilityofautomobile businesstravel.Butittookjettraveltoshrinktheworldandexposeanewabundanceand mosaicoftravelmarkets.Recordshavedemonstratedthatregardlessofeconomicshiftsover manydecades,thedesiretoseekouttravelexperienceshascontinuedtogrowworldwide. Travel,formanyreasons,nowhasbecomealmostarightoflife. 第二章旅游的产生与发展第一节 十九世纪中叶以前的旅行发展第二节 近代旅游的发展和旅游业的诞生第三节 现代旅游的发展第四节 中国旅游业的产生与发展 第一节