供应链管理讨论题及答案-1

第1章 理解供应链 1. 如果在一家便利店购买一听苏打水，请描述供应链的不同阶段，并且说明涉及的流程。When a customer purchases a can of soda at a con

1 第章理解供应链 1. 如果在一家便利店购买一听苏打水，请描述供应链的不同阶段，并且说明涉及的流程。 When acustomer purchases acan of soda at aconvenience store, his purchase represents the end of asupply chain’s delivery of an item and the beginning of information regarding his purchase flowing in the opposite direction. The supply chain stages include customers, retailers, wholesalers/distributors, manufacturers, and component/raw material suppliers. Acustomer’s purchase moves product towards the customer and dollars and information towards the retailer. The retailer places an order from the wholesaler/distributor to replenish stock, thereby moving information back up the supply chain while moving product down the supply chain. As the order is filled, the retailer will move dollars back up the supply chain. The wholesaler/distributor transmits information and dollars to the manufacturer who produces product and ships it down the supply chain to the wholesaler. Finally (or initially, depending on your perspective) the manufacturer moves orders (information) and dollars towards suppliers in exchange for material flow into their production processes. 当一个顾客在便利店买一听苏打水，他的购买行为代表着一个商品在供应链中传递的结束，同 时他顺利的购买行为代表着信息在供应链相反方向的开始。 // 供应链平台包括消费者、零售商、批发商分销商、生产者和零件原材料供应商。一个顾客的 购买行为是商品向顾客的转移与信息向零售商的转移。 / 零售商从批发商分销商那列出一份订单，以便补充库存。因此信息是沿着供应链逆向移动而 商品是顺着供应链正向移动。当订单完成后，零售商将会把资金沿着供应链的逆向传至供应链上游。 / 批发商分销商将信息与资金传递给生产者即生产产品，并将（产品）顺着供应链送至批发商 手中的一方。 最后（或最初，取决于你自己的观点）生产者将订单（信息）和资金转移给供应商以换取材料 来投入生产流程。 5. / 考虑顾客从亚马逊订购书籍的供应链，辨别推拉界限以及这两个流程的推动和拉动阶段。 In Amazon’s original operations design the push/pull boundary existed betwixt the retailer (Amazon) and their distributor. Amazon ordered product from the distributor and the customer order arrived. Today, Amazon has six warehouses where it stocks an inventory of items it is confident that will sell. In this scenario, the push/pull boundary exists between the customer and the retailer. Processes in the pull phase are the order fulfillment, shipping, customer returns, and customer billing. Processes in the push phase are production, stock replenishments, shipping, and payment. / 在亚马逊的原始运营设计中，推拉边界存在于零售商（亚马逊）和他们的分销商之间。亚马 逊从分销商和顾客手中获取订单后订购产品。如今亚马逊有六个仓库，在这六个仓库中存放着确定 1