室内污染控制论文.pdf

Atmospheric Pollution Research 6 (2015) 550 555Atmspheric Pollution Researchwww.atmospolres.comConce

AtmosphericPollutionResearch6(2015)550555 sphericollutionesearch tm PR A www.atmospolres.com Concentrationsofcarbonmonoxideinindoorand outdoorairofGhalyuncafes 1211 MehdiFazlzadeh,RoohollahRostami,SadeghHazrati,AliRastgu 1 DepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthEngineering,SchoolofPublicHealth,ArdabilUniversityofMedicalSciences, 2 Ardabil,IranDepartmentofEnvironmentalHealthEngineering,SchoolofHealth,SemnanUniversityofMedical Sciences,Semnan,Iran ABSTRACT Indoorandoutdoorcarbonmonoxide(CO)concentrationsweremeasuredin68GhalyuncafesinArdabilCityof Iran.Onehoursamplingwasperformedineachlocationandhourlymeanconcentrationswerereported. CorrespondingAuthor: RespectivemeanconcentrationsofCOinindoorandoutdoorairwere24.75±17.17and2.65±1.33ppmwithan averageindoortooutdoorairconcentrationratioof13.3±13.1.Withinthevariablesstudied;typeofthetobacco SadeghHazrati smoked,locationofthecafeinsidethebuilding,andutilizingmechanicalventilator,respectively,were p recognizedasthemostinfluentialfactorscontrollingCOconcentrationsinGhalyuncafes(<0.05).73.5%of +984533513428+98 :: workers(27.3and95.7%ofcafeslocatedongroundfloorsandbasements,respectively)wereexposedto 4533512004 higherlevelsofCOthanthecorrectedOEL–TWA(OccupationalExposureLimit)of10.4ppm. S.hazrati@arums.ac.ir : Keywords: Carbonmonoxide,Ghalyun,indoor,outdoor,cafes ArticleHistory: Received:05July2014 Revised:16December 2014Accepted:18 December2014 doi: 10.5094/APR.2015.061 1.Introduction andotherbodyorgans.COHbconcentrationinbloodhas been utilizedasanindicatorforhealthconsequencesofexposure toCO COisacolorless,non–irritating,odorless,andtastelessandvarioussymptomshavebeenlinkedtodifferentconcen gaseouspollutant(Langstonetal.,2010)thatmaybeemittedintotrationsofCOHbinblood (COHb%).Ingeneral,signsand theenvironmentfromanthropogenicornaturalsources.ItissymptomsofacuteCOpoisoningappearsatCOHb concentrations producedbyincompletecombustionofcarbonaceousfuelssuchasrangingfrom3to24%.Itisstatedthatthe symptomsofexposure wood,petrol,coal,naturalgasandkerosene(WHO,2010).MotortoCOappearsinCOHb%morethan3percentinblood (ATSDR, vehiclesandindustriesarerecognizedasmainsourcesfor2009). atmosphericCOpollutioninurbanareas.However,indoorair qualitymaybeaffectedbywidevarietyofCOemittingsourcesInordertopreventhealthrisks,manyorganizationshave set includinggasstoves,tobaccosmoke,woodburningstoves,guidelinesorstandardsforCOexposure.OccupationalSafety and fireplaces,andotherfossilfuelburners(Chowdhuryetal.,2013).HealthAdministration(OSHA),NationalInstitutefor Occupational ExposuretothehighconcentrationsofCOinindoorambientairatSafetyandHealth(NIOSH),and IranHealthMinistryhave homeisrareandlimitedtosomeparticularconditionslikebeingrecommendedtime–weightedpermissibleexposurelimit (PEL– closetoCOemittingsources(ChaloulakouandMavroidis,2002).TWA)of50ppm,recommendedexposurelimit(REL–TWA)of COconcentrationinindoorairdoesn’tnormallyexceed30ppm35ppm,andoccupationalexposurelimit(OEL–TWA)of25 ppmfor underregularconditionswithsufficientnaturalventilationandairoccupationallyexposedworkers,respectively(MHMEI,2012; exchangerates(ATSDR,2009).ForindoorenvironmentswithnoNIOSH,2012;OSHA,2012).ATWAistheaverageexposure overa