大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点练习题

大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点(一)虚拟语气:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。1.由“

大学英语四级翻译高频语法考点 (一)虚拟语气:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实, 所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表 示。 1“ if ” .由引导的虚拟语气 1(If ... +were/did......+ would /could /might / ()与现在的事实相反:从句:,主句: should do...) If Iknew his telephone number, Iwould tell you. (事实:不知道) If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. ( 事实: ) 地球上既有空气也有水 2(If ... +had done......+would /could /might / ()与过去的事实相反:从句:,主句: should have done...) If Ihad gotten there earlier, Ishould /could have met her. (事实:去晚了) If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such amistake. (事实:没有听 我的话) 3(If ...+ should /were to do......+ would do...) ()与将来的事实可能相反:从句,主句: If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? (事实:可能不下雨) 4 ()表示错综复杂的条件:主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,一个发生在过去,一个 发生在现在。 If Paul had received six more votes in the last electionhe would be our chairman , now. would be now had received 主句的谓语部分为,因为有限制;而从句的谓语部分为, in the last election 因为从句时间为过去()。主句和从句属不同的时间范畴,分别用 各自对应的谓语形式。 5 ()跳层式条件结构形式:条件结构通过跳过一层以含蓄的方式表达出来,因此行文简练。 would /could do +but 表示同现在事实相反之假想:接现在时陈述句 would /could have done +but 表示同过去事实相反之假想:接过去时陈述句 He would gain weight but he doesn’t eat enough. He would gain weight 主句后跳过 if he ate enough 了这一条件句。 Iwould have gone with you but Iwas too tired. Iwould have gone with you 主句 if Ihad not been tired 后跳过了这一条件句。 6were, should, had, if ()虚拟条件句的倒装:虚拟条件句的从句部分含有或时可省略, were, shouldhad 再把或移到从句的句首,实行倒装。 Had Paul received six more votes in the last electionhe would be our chairman , now. 7without, but for ()与介词连用表示条件的结构形式:通过表示条件。 Without your guidance, we should /would fail. But for your timely rescue, the boy would have drowned. 2 .用在表示建议、命令、要求等的宾语从句中 “...(should )+ do sth.”should 从句谓语形式为:(在美语中常省去)。类似用法的动 suggestadviseproposerecommendmove 词有:(建议),(建议),(建议),(推荐),(动议), urge advocatecommand orderdemand (敦促),(拥护、提倡);(命令),(命令);(要求),

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