四川省成都市2020高考英语二轮复习阅读理解基础训练80集连载25

四川省成都市2020高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练80集连载（25）2020高考英语阅读理解集训。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Two recent studie

四川省成都市2020高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练80集连载 （25） 2020高考英语阅读理解集训。 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 Tworecentstudieshavefoundthatpunishmentisnotthebestwayto influencebehavior. Oneshowedthatadultsaremuchmorecooperativeiftheyworkina systembasedonrewards.ResearchersatHarvardUniversityintheUnited StatesandtheStockholmSchoolofEconomicsinSwedendidthestudy. Theyhadabouttwohundredcollegestudentsplayaversionofthegame knownasthePrisoner’sDilemma.Thegameisbasedonthetension(紧张 气氛)betweentheinterests(利益)ofanindividualandagroup.The studentsplayedingroupsoffour.Eachplayercouldwinpointsforthe group,sotheywouldallgainequally.Buteachplayercouldalsoreward orpunisheachoftheotherthreeplayers,atacosttothepunisher. HarvardresearcherDavidRandsaysthemostsuccessfulbehaviorproved tobecooperation.Thegroupsthatrewardeditthemostearnedabout twiceasmuchinthegameasthegroupsthatrewardedittheleast.And themoreagrouppunisheditself,theloweritsearningswere.Thegroup withthemostpunishmentearnedtwenty-fivepercentlessthanthegroup withtheleastpunishment.Thestudyappearedlastmonthinthejournal Science. Theotherstudyinvolvedchildren.Itwaspresentedlastmonthin Californiaataconferenceonviolenceandabuse.Researchersused intelligencetestsgiventotwogroups.Morethaneighthundredchildren agedtwotofourthefirsttimetheyweretested.Morethanseven