适用于老高考旧教材广西专版2023届高考英语二轮总复习阅读理解专题特训18

阅读理解专题特训18A(2022·广西南宁高三一模,D)Unlike children and apes(类人猿),dogs generally know when people are being

阅读理解专题特训18 A (2022·广西南宁高三一模,D) Unlikechildrenandapes(类人猿),dogsgenerallyknowwhenpeoplearebeing deceitful(骗人的),anewstudysuggests.AccordingtotheresearchersattheUniversity ofVienna,thedogscouldfollowtheirownintuition(直觉)whengivenmisleading instructionsbyhumansaboutwherethefoodwas. The260dogsforthestudywerepresentedwithtwobuckets(桶),oneofwhich containeddogfoodthatthedogscouldaccessbyknockingoffapaperlidwiththeir noseorpaw.Thedogswereatfirsttrainedtotrustapersontheyhadnever met,calledthe“communicator”,tohelpthemfindthefoodfromthecorrect bucket.Thecommunicatorwouldpointtothefood-filledbucket,lookatthedogand thensay“Look,thisisgood,thisisverygood!”toencouragethedogtowardsthe food. Afterestablishingthistrustbetweenthecommunicatorandthedogs,the researchersaddedtheall-importantpartofdeceptionintothemix.Thedogswatched anotherstranger,knownas“thehider”,movethedogfoodfromonebucket(bucketA) toanother(bucketB).Thiswasdonebothwithandwithoutthecommunicatorinthe room—sothecommunicatorwaseitherwitnesstotheswitchortheyweren’t.Inboth oftheseconditions,thecommunicatorwouldrecommendbucketAtothedog,whichwas nowempty. Acrossthetwoconditions,moredogsfollowedtheirownvisualexperienceofwhere thefoodhadbeenhiddenratherthanthecommunicator’ssuggestion.Abouttwo-thirds ofdogsignoredthecommunicatorwhohadwitnessedthefoodswitchandwentonto recommendemptybucketA. AccordingtoHuber,dogsdidnotrelyonthecommunicatoranymore,whichcontrasts withpreviousstudiesinvolvingapesandchildrenunderfiveyears.Intheseprevious studies,ifacommunicatorhadwitnessedaswitchbutrecommendedanemptybowlof food,youngchildrenandapeswouldfollowtheirmisguidingadvice. “Dogsdonotfollowhumanwrongpointinggesturesblindly,althoughsometimes theyfindthemdifficulttoignore,”theyconclude.“Instead,theycanadjusttheir behaviourflexiblydependingonthetrustworthinessofthepeoplegivinginformation andcanrecognizebetweenhelpfulandunhelpfulexperimenters.” 1 .Whydoestheauthormention“childrenandapes”inthefirstparagraph? A.Toexplainarule.B.Tomakeaprediction. C.Tointroduceadiscovery.D.Toclarifyaconcept. 2 .Whatdidthecommunicatordointhestudy? A.Misledthedogs.B.Watchedthedogs’behaviour.