预应力曲线连续梁顶推施工与设计(2)

预应力曲线连续梁桥的顶推施工与设计 提要 本文通过作者考察的日本釜户川桥的顶推施工情况和横向1号桥初步设计的情况介绍，说明了日本采用集中式（TL式）顶推预应力连续曲线梁桥的施工工艺和设计特

Establishment of the patriotic Health Committee, the implementation of Division of responsibility, school of health management. ,Room, group, grade school health work of grass-roots organizations, is responsible for the Department of health management. All classrooms, offices and other indoor sanitation, daily cleaning, keep the floor, table, wall clean table, cupboards, chairs and all the appliances in order and clean. No graffiti, doors and Windows and bright. Lectern, Blackboard in the classroom clean and tidy. School sanitation, according to the Division of school health area of responsibility, responsibility to do: asmall sweep aday aweek abig sweep, neat and clean, no paper, no spam, no weeds, no sewage, no bags, no Peel. Personal hygiene: education students to cultivate "five", "six nots" personal hygiene habits. Five: time schedule, to brush your teeth before going to bed, to change clothes, bathe, and frequently washing hands before meals and after nails Barber,. "Six" not to drink unboiled water, do not eat unclean food, no smoking, no spitting, no snacking, no public towels, cups. Pay attention to eye health, read and write positions lying upright, not reading, not in the light of local walking and reading, doing eye exercises and timely correction of eye disease, regular rotation zuoci. Gym class, working class, to strengthen students 'safety education, comprehensive physical examination once ayear on students, included in the profile. Improving food hygiene: to improve sanitation and hygiene, implementation of the food hygiene regulations, to ensure food hygiene, ensure the physical and mental health of teachers and students. Eliminating four pests, preventing disease: promptly clean up the garbage, sewage, preventing mosquito breeding places, cleaned up the garbage, make sure and clean. Strengthen health publicity poster out in time to publicize health knowledge, use of the health education health education to students. And eye exercises, mental health education during the consultation process, held in common, multiple lectures on epidemic prevention. Health inspection rating system: head teacher, classroom teacher, Member of the class of health checks, monitor the implementation of environmental health and eye exercises every day. Check rankings of school organizations to inform the inspection results. Check every Monday, one month, one to summarize, according to the inspection results issued health flow red flags. Six disease prevention to prevent myopia? When sitting up, head tilted, eyes 33 cm from the book. Eat, walk, bus reading, not too strong, too weak to light reading. Write not too small too close, do not write typo, grass hand. Reading time and ahalf to 1hour, you should rest for afew minutes. Controlling the number of TV and time, adistance of 2.5 metres. Pay attention to nutrition, food supplements containing vitamin a. How to prevent tooth decay? To develop good hygiene habits, way of brushing our teeth, mouthwash, before going to bed without eating snacks. Improve the ability of anti-caries of the teeth, acid toothpaste with fluoride. Eat less sugar, eat alot of food to prevent tooth decay, such as milk and dairy products, fish, fruit, beans, liver, etc. How to prevent trachoma? Without common towels, hand rubbing your eyes, to sand and dust, wash your face to clean the water, promote the use of flowing water to wash, maintain washing equipment clean and wash, cut your nails ... 预应力曲线连续梁桥的顶推施工与设计 提要 本文通过作者考察的日本釜户川桥的顶推施工情况和横向1号桥初步设计的情况介绍， 说明了日本采用集中式（TL式）顶推预应力连续曲线梁桥的施工工艺和设计特点。 釜户川桥的顶推施工 釜户川桥为双线3连三跨（共9跨）预应力连续梁，下行线跨度为2连3×40.9m+1连 3×42.4m，上行线跨度为2连3×42.4m＋1连3×40.9m。全桥在半径R＝1400m的圆曲线上， 采用等高度箱形截面。按设计采用顶推法施工，是日本目前顶推施工规模最大的一座桥梁。 一、施工概要 本桥采用集中(TL)式顶推施工，即顶推千斤顶设置在预制节段前方的桥台（或墩）上， 集中对桥梁施架顶推力，梁在支点和墩顶上设置的滑动支承上滑动。TL装置有两种方式， 即拉杆方式和垂直、水平千斤顶方式（图1）。本桥根据上行线与下行线两者的具体情况， 两种方式均采用。上行线中，由于桥台与主梁制作台距离较短，因而采用拉杆方式。下行 线中距离较长，由于拉杆伸长带来的损失较大，因而在初期采用拉杆方式而后期用垂直、 水平千斤顶方式。 图1 TL顶推装置方式 本桥的最大顶推力，考虑滑板支承的摩擦系数、上坡方向顶推的升力、平面线形和横 向坡度等因素，达到700吨。因而设置了2台400吨千斤顶。 本桥除在平面上处于R＝1400m的圆曲线上外，还设有i＝2.016%～4.083%的纵坡和R＝ 18000m的竖曲线，横向设有i＝2.488%～3.0%的坡度，使得顶推需要在一个复杂的空间曲线 King shop school car to watch the summary view store is located in the LAN-Xin railway, 215 students, and students to and from school has about 90 people to cross the railway, more than half of the students live in the school in the vicinity of the rail line along the railway more than 10 square kilometers. Railway is economy of artery, to makes railway along general people master railway legal regulations and security knowledge, enhanced love road watch consciousness, ensure railway security smooth, years, Ischool has been put love road watch work as education students of focus to caught, made has significantly of effect, years no occurred had railway security accident, emerged out aand a"love road watch small guard", General teachers and students and masses of love road watch consciousness General improve, times by superior recognition, Our practices are reporting on is as follows. And improve the Organization, love the way of protection responsibilities. Set up by the principal of the school is the head security administrator for the Deputy Head of the class teacher for members of the railway protection leading group for propaganda and education, consisting of offices, advocacy groups, education groups and steering groups, organizations responsible for railway protection publicity and education of the whole school, command and coordination. To "ensure safety of the railway" for the overall objectives, major tasks are: 1, arouse the enthusiasm of teachers, school advantages into full play, watch the propaganda and education work of joint railway. 2, railway watch teacher and student awareness, to ensure against road-related casualties. 3, education in primary and middle school students the courage to fight against the Railway Safety Act and found to have damaged railway safety relevant parts of the report in atimely manner to ensure railway safety. Do Division, responsibility and student teacher assessment, evaluation and love road linked to the protection and safety, enhance the sense of responsibility. Second, programming, watch love road work routine. School developed has railway watch publicity education work programme, put love road watch work into school education teaching plans, full using class teaching, and theme class, timing, education students learning railway method, about love road security matters, school requirements daily of campus broadcast to has five minutes of railway security knowledge education, all class weekly are to Shang asection love road watch aspects of security class, monthly introduced aperiod love road watch aspects of window publicity, reached has alarm ringing of effect. Third, explicitly demanded that the love road protection work. Schools to establish and improve alove road watch schedule, enacted the railway safety "ten no" Protocol, the Convention on the safety and other regulations and requirements, so as to enable departments to further their work. Which publicity group is responsible for railway watch legal regulations and about common sense of publicity, annual organization ato two times above railway method, and security management Punishment Ordinance, for main content of publicity, further strengthened General teachers and students of concept and love road watch consciousness, education students do "three not": that not to railway Shang play, without stones, hit train, is not rail Shang stacked roadblocks. Education groups to include railway protection knowledge education in carrying out quality education, class of railway transport in the main channel of textbooks in economic construction in the role and significance of guiding students to take care of the railway, ...