大学英语专业语言学重点概念复习

术语解释： Language: Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.  L

术语解释： Language:Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman communication. Linguistics:Linguisticsisthescientificandsystematicstudyoflanguage. Designfeatures:Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningproperties （甑别性特征） ofhumanlanguagethatdistinguishitfromanyanimalsystemof communication Arbitrariness():Itmeansthatthereisnologicalconnectionbetween 任意性 meaningsandsounds Productivity/creativity(:Languageisproductiveorcreativeinthatit 创造性） makespossiblethecon-structionandinterpretationofnewsignalsbyits users. Recursiveness(:accordingtosomelinguistictheories,thecapacity 递归性） thatenablesthegrammarofalanguagetoproduceaninfinitenumberof sentences. CulturaltransmissionItreferstothefactthatthedetailsofthe （文化传递性）： linguisticsystemmustbelearnedanewbyeachspeaker.Languageisnot transmittedbiologicallyfromgenerationtogeneration. Interchangeability(meansthatanyhumanbeingcanbebotha 可交替性）： producerandreceiverofmessages. Displacement:Displacementmeansthathumanlanguageenabletheir （移位性） userstosymbolizeobjects,eventsandconceptswhicharenotpresent(intime andspace)atthemomentofcommunication. Duality:Thedualitynatureoflanguagemeansthatlanguageisa （二元性） system,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructure,ortwolevels,oneofsounds andtheotherofmeanings. Informative(:Theuseoflanguagetorecordfactstostatewhat 信息功能） thingsarelike,andtoexchangeinformation. InterpersonalFunction(:Itisthemostimportantsociologicaluseof 人际功能） language,bywhichpeopleestablishandmaintaintheirstatusinasociety. Performative(:Languagecanbeusedtodothings,tochangethe 行为功能） socialstatusortheimmediatestateofaffairsofpeople.