认知语用学的焦点问题探索

认知语用学的焦点问题探索 Pragmatics is in a constant state of flux and evolution, there have app

认知语用学的焦点问题探索 Pragmaticsisinaconstantstateoffluxandevolution,therehaveappeareddifferent perspectivesorapproachestopragmatics,suchasDascal(1983)analyzesthefieldfromthe standpointofthephilosophyoflanguage,Green(1989/1996)laysparticularemphasisontextual pragmaticsandmoreformalaspectsofpragmatics,Mey(1993)regardspragmaticsthesocietally necessaryandconsciouslyinteractivedimensionofthestudyoflanguage,Thomas(1995)argues convincinglyforasocial,psychologicalandcognitiveapproachtopragmatics,Verschueren(1999) layshisemphasisonageneralcognitive,socialandculturalperspectiveonlanguageuse,while Blakemore(1992)andSperber&amp;Wilson(1986/1995)takeacognitiveapproach.Onthe basisoftheabove,pragmaticsbecomesmorelikelytobeconsideredcognitivelyinvolved, althoughtherestillexistsdisagreementsonwhatcognitivepragmaticsisandwhatcoreissues shouldbeaddressed,andthelike.Anyhowitisheldinthestudythatcognitivepragmaticsfocuses onthementalprocessingofinformationforcommunicativepurposesandontheinterlocutors’ abilitiesintermsofwhichtheycreateandunderstandmeaningsbeyondthewordandsentence levels. Inthepresentstudyitsattentionhasbeenconcentrateduponthefollowingaspects,whichare consideredessentialincognitivepragmatics:thecognitivebasisofpragmatics,pragmatic modularity,understandingandinference,andtheinterrelatednessbetweencognitiveandsocial factors.Firstly,ittracesthecognitivebasisbacktothesemioticstudyinthe1930sfollowingthe evolutionofpragmatics,sincethecognitive-pragmaticperspectiveoriginatesinthephilosophyof language(Marmaridou2000).Andtherelationshipbetweenpragmaticsandsomecognitive disciplinesisexploredsoastoaccountforthefactthatitisofnecessitytodopragmaticsfromthe cognitiveperspective,andbylookingintotheessenceoftheeffectsofsigns,effectsofspeechacts, andcognitiveeffects,wecanfindsomecongruityamongthem.Thefocusisthenputonthe discussionofmodularityandpragmaticmodule.Thenotionofmodulehasbeeninfluentially explicatedinFodor(1983),inwhichinputsystemsareclaimedtobemodularsincetheypossess certainproperties.Whetherapragmaticsystemismodulararisesasafocusinthelatediscussion. Sincepragmaticsisnottheextensionofgrammar,itisunlikelythatthereexistsapragmaticcode andpragmaticsisnotasinglemoduleeither.Thirdly,understandingandinferenceareanalyzedin detail.Inunderstandingutterancesthehearerlooksnotjustforanarbitraryinterpretationbutfor theoneintendedbythespeaker,howprocessingeffortiscostforachievingcognitiveeffects,in linewithcommunicativepurposes,isconcentratedinthediscussion,inwhichrelevancetheoryis referredtofortheaccountofinferentialunderstanding.Fourthly,howtoreconcilethesocial factorswiththecognitiveaccountofcommunicationandthenecessityoftheirintegrationare toucheduponsincecommunicationisaparadigmcaseofsocialinteractionandthetheoryof communicationisthatofthemostubiquitoussocialphenomenon.Besides,insideandattheendof thepresentstudysomerelevantquestionsareputforwardforfurtherdiscussion. Keywords:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;cognitivepragmatics,modularity, understandingandinference,socialfactors Correspondence:&nbsp;ResearchCenterforLinguistics&amp;AppliedLinguistics &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;