Pumps and Pumping Stations中英对照

Pumps and Pumping StationsPumps and pumping machinery serve the following purposes in water systems:

PumpsandPumpingStations Pumpsandpumpingmachineryservethefollowingpurposesinwatersystems: (1) 代 liingwaterfromitssource(surfaceorground),eitherimmediatelytothe communitythroughhigh—liftinstallations,orbylowlifttopurificationworks ； (2) boostingwaterfromlow—servicetohigh—serviceareas,toseparatefire supplies,andtotheupperfloorsofmany-storiedbuildingsand(3)transporting ； waterthroughtreatmentworks,backwashingfilters,drainingcomponentsettling tanks,andothertreatmentunits,withdrawingdepositedsolidsandsupplying 在供水系统中，泵和泵送机 water(especiallypressurewater)tooperatingequipment. 械有以下的服务目标：从水源(地表水或地下水)提水，或者通过高扬程泵把水迅速送到居民 1) ( 区，或者用低扬程泵将水打入净水厂；将水从低压供水区增压至高压供水区、单独的消防用 2) ( 水源和高层建筑物上层；令水进出处理厂，在此过程中，反冲过滴池，使水由沉淀池和其他 3) ( 处理构筑物流出，抽排沉淀固体和向运行设备供水(特别是压力水)。 Todaymostwaterandwastewaterpumpingisdonebyeithercentrifugalpumps 如今大多数给水和废水的泵送都是由离心泵或轴流泵来完成的。 orpropellerpumps. Howthewaterisdirectedthroughtheimpellerdeterminesthetypeofpump. Thereis(1)radialflowinopen—orclosed—impellerpumps,withvoluteor turbinecasings,andsingleordoublesuctionthroughtheeyeoftheimpeller, (2) axialflowinpropellerpumps,and(3)diagonalflowinmixed—flow, 水穿过叶轮时的流向确定了泵的类型：在开式或闭式叶轮泵中表现 openimpellerpumps.1) ( 为轴向流，该泵具有螺旋形或涡轮式外壳和水单吸或双吸进入叶轮的方式；在轴流泵中表现 2) ( 为轴向流；在开始叶轮混流泵中表现为混流。 3)Propellerpumpsarenotcentrifugal ( 车由流泵不是离泵。这两种泵都 pumps.Bothcanbereferredtoasrotodynamicpumps. 可以称为旋转动力泵。 Open—impellerpumpsarelessefficientthanclosed—impellerpumps,butthey 开式叶轮泵的效率不如闭式叶 canpassrelativelylargedebriswithoutbeingclogged. 轮泵，但其可令相当大的漂浮物通过而不致被堵塞。 Accordingly,theyareusefulin 因此，它们在提升废水和污泥是大有用场的。 pumpingwastewatersandsludges. Single-stagepumpshavebutoneimpeller,andmultistagepumpshavetwoor 单级泵仅有一个叶轮；而多级泵则有两个 more,eachfeedingintothenexthigherstage. 或两个以上的叶轮，且每一级叶轮都将水打入下一级叶轮中。 Multistageturbinewellpumps mayhavetheirmotorssubmerged,ortheymaybedrivenbyashaftfromthe 多级叶轮井泵可本身带有潜 primemoversituatedonthefloorofthepumpingstation. 于水下的电动机或由位于泵站地面上的原动机的轴驱动。 Inadditiontocentrifugalandpropellerpumps,waterandwastewatersystems mayinclude(1)displacementpumps,ranginginsizefromhand-operatedpitcher pumpstothehugepumpingenginesofthelastcenturybuiltassteam-driven units;(2)rotarypumpsequippedwithtwoormorerotors(varyinginshapefrom meshinglobestogearsandoftenusedassmallfirepumps); (3) hydraulicramsutilizingtheimpulseoflargemassesoflow-pressurewaterto drivemuchsmallermassesofwater(onehalftoonesixthofthedrivingwater) throughthedeliverypipetohigherelevations,insynchronismwiththepressure