中空贵金属纳米材料氧还原催化的研究进展（英文）

中空贵金属纳米材料氧还原催化的研究进展（英文）Title: Recent Advances in Hollow Noble Metal Nanomaterials for Oxygen Reducti

中空贵金属纳米材料氧还原催化的研究进展（英文） Title:RecentAdvancesinHollowNobleMetalNanomaterials forOxygenReductionReactionCatalysis Abstract: Theoxygenreductionreaction(ORR)isacriticalreactionin numerousenergyconversionandstoragedevices,suchasfuel cellsandmetal-airbatteries.Althoughnoblemetals,suchas platinum(Pt),arehighlyefficientcatalystsforORR,theirscarcity andhighcostlimittheirwidespreadapplication.Toaddressthese challenges,researchershavedevelopedalternativecatalystsbased onhollownoblemetalnanomaterials.Thisreviewprovidesa comprehensivesurveyofrecentadvancesinthesynthesis, characterization,andcatalyticperformanceofhollownoblemetal nanomaterialsforORR. 1.Introduction: IntroductiontotheimportanceandchallengesofORR catalysis,theneedforalternativecatalysts,andthepotentialof hollownoblemetalnanomaterials. 2.SynthesisofHollowNobleMetalNanoparticles: Overviewofdifferentsynthesismethodsforpreparinghollow noblemetalnanoparticles,includingtemplate-assisted,sacrificial template,andgalvanicreplacementmethods.Discussionofthe influenceofsynthesisparametersonthemorphologyand structureofhollownanoparticles. 3.CharacterizationTechniques: Introductiontovariouscharacterizationtechniquesusedto analyzethesize,shape,composition,andstructureofhollow noblemetalnanoparticles,includingtransmissionelectron microscopy(TEM),scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),andenergy-dispersiveX-rayspectroscopy(EDS). 4.HollowNobleMetalNanomaterialsforORR: In-depthanalysisofthecatalyticperformanceofhollownoble metalnanomaterialsforORR,includingstudiesonPt,palladium (Pd),gold(Au),andsilver(Ag)basedmaterials.Evaluationand comparisonoftheirelectrochemicalactivities,durability,and