金融学专业外文翻译-----非正规与正规的转帐金融服务或金融犯罪-金融财政

外文题目：Informal and Formal Money Transfer: Financial Service or Financial 出 处：Inter

Informal and Formal Money Transfer: Financial Service or Financial 外文题目： International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 出处： Shahid Nawaz,Roddy McKinnon and Robert Webb 作者： 原文： Informal and Formal Money Transfer: Financial Service or Financial Crime Shahid Nawaz,Roddy McKinnon and Robert Webb INTRODUCTION Prior to the events of 11th September,2001,inter-national cooperation in the field of global financial crime prevention was already well established.Prompted by separate initiatives led by the United Nations Organisation and the Basel Committee inthe late 1980s,the creation in 1989 of the Financial Action Task Force on Money Laundering(FATF) by the G7 countries set in place an international body to coordinate anti-money laundering measures across 26 countries and jurisdictions.Subsequently,and prompted by the creation of the FATF,other regional interstate organisations in western and eastern Europe,across the Americas and the Caribbean,and also in Asia,have drafted similar anti-money laundering standards for their respective countries In turn,these interstate regulatory initiatives havebeen complemented by parallel business led voluntary initiatives,such as the example of the Wolfs berg Anti-Money Laundering Principles designed to promote greater transparency across the banking sector. The core policy objectives of the FATF and the subsequent regional offshoots and business led initiatives has been to improve the effectiveness of criminal justice systems,devise efficient financial system regulations and follow these with effective law enforcement in order to combat money laundering activities.However,combating increasingly transnational money laundering activities presents significant regulatory and law enforcement challenges.As Moulette has reported,citing figures from the IMF,'the scale of money laundering worldwide could be somewhere between 2per cent and 5percent of world GDP'. In spite of this ongoing coordinated activity the attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon have led the FATF to focus more actively its attention upon previously tolerated,if not legally sanctioned and controlled,informal financial services 'net works'.Emerging evidence indicates that informal financial services networks have played an instrumental role in the international movement of terrorist finances In particular,attention is now