《英语语言学教程》(戴伟栋 何兆熊编)

新编简明英语语言学教程——新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材、普通高等教育“十五”国家级规划教材主编 戴炜栋、何兆熊上海外语教育出版社781080402内容简介戴炜栋 Professor Dai

——、 新编简明英语语言学教程新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 “” 普通高等教育十五国家级规划教材 主编 戴炜栋、何兆熊 上海外语教育出版社 781080402 内容简介 戴炜栋 Professor Dai Weidong 简介 上海外国语大学校长、国家教育部高校外语专业教学指导委员会主任委员、国务院学位委员会外语学科评议组组长。学术专长 为：英语语言学、英语作为第二语言的教学、第二语言习得。 何兆熊 简介 上海外国语大学英语学院名誉院长、博士生导师，高校外语专业教学指导委员会委员兼英语组副组长，全国英语专业四、八级 考试办公室主任。学术专长为英语语用学。出版论著有《新编语用学概要》，参加编写的教材有：《简明英语语言学教程》、 《新编英语教程》第5、6、7、8册，全国自学考试教材《现代语言学》和《新编简明英语语言学教程》等。 作者作品 《语用学概要》《新编语用学概要》 Chapter 1 Language 1. can be generally defined as asystem of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. Systematic Language is asystem. ---- rule-governed, elements in it are arranged according *bkli, *I apple eat. to certain rules; can’t be combined at will. e.g. arbitrary . Language isArbitrary---- no intrinsic connection between the word and the thing “pen” it denotes, e.g. by any other name is the thing we use to write with. Symbolic Language is symbolic in nature. ---- words are associated with objects, actions “A rose by any other name would smell as sweet” ideas by convention. ----Shakespeare (Charles Hockett) The design/defining features 2. of human language Arbitrariness ⑴ No logical (motivated or intrinsic) connection between sounds and meanings Onomatopoeic words (which imitate natural sounds) are somewhat motivated (English: ① rumble, crackle, bang, …. Chinese: putong, shasha, dingdang… ) Somecompound words are not entirely arbitrary, e.g. type-writer, shoe-maker, ② air-conditioner, photocopy… Productivity/Creativity ⑵ Peculiar to human languagesusers of language can understand and produce sentences they ， “A red-eyed elephant is have never heard before, e.g. we can understand sentence like dancing on the hotel bed” ,though it does not describe acommon happening in the world. Agibbon call system is not productive for gibbon draw all their calls from afixed ① repertoire which is rapidly exhausted, making any novelty impossible. The bee dance does have alimited productivity, as it is used to communicate about ② 1