2021-2022学年山西省运城市考研外语真题含答案

2021-2022学年山西省运城市考研外语真题(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、2.Reading Comprehensio

2021-2022学年山西省运城市考研外语真题 (含答案) :________:________:________:________ 学校班级姓名考号 2.ReadingComprehension(10) 一、题 1.Inthenextcenturywe'llbeabletoalterourDNAradically, encodingourvisionsandvanitieswhileconcoctingnewlife-forms. WhenDr.Frankensteinmadehismonster,hewrestledwiththemoral issueofwhetherheshouldallowittoreproduce,"HadItheright, formyownbenefit,toinflictthecurseuponeverlastinggenerations?" Willsuchquestionsrequireustodevelopnewmoralphilosophies? Probablynot.Instead,we'llreachagainforatime-testedmoral concept;onesometimescalledtheGoldenRuleandwhichKant,the millennium'smostprudentmoralist,conjuredupintoacategorical imperative,Dountoothersasyouwouldhavethemdountoyou; treateachpersonasanindividualratherthanasameanstosome end. Underthismoralpreceptweshouldrecoilathumancloning,because itinevitablyentailsusinghumansasmeanstootherhumans'endsand valuingthemascopiesofotherswelovedorascollectionsofbody parts,notasindividualsintheirownright.Weshouldalsodrawa line,howeverfuzzy,thatwouldpermitusinggeneticengineeringto curediseasesanddisabilitiesbutnottochangethepersonalattributes thatmakesomeoneanindividual(IQ,physicalappearance,genderand sexuality). Thebiotechagewillalsogiveusmorereasontoguardourpersonal privacy.AldousHuxleyinBraveNewWorld,gotitwrong:rather thancentralizingpowerinthehandsofthestate,DNAtechnology hasempoweredindividualsandfamilies.Butthestatewillhavean importantrole,makingsurethatnoone,includinginsurance companies,canlookatourgeneticdatawithoutourpermissionoruse ittodiscriminateagainstus. Thenwecangetreadyforthebreakthroughsthatcouldcomeatthe endofthenextcenturyandthetechnologyiscomparabletomapping ourgenes:plottingthe10billionormoreneuronsofourbrain.With thatinformationwemightsomedaybeabletocreateartificial intelligencesthatthinkandexperienceconsciousnessinwaysthatare indistinguishablefromahumanbrain.Eventuallywemightbeableto replicateourownmindsina"dry-ware"machine,sothatwecould