2022年湖南省张家界市考研外语测试卷一含答案

2022年湖南省张家界市考研外语测试卷一(含答案)学校:________ 班级:________ 姓名:________ 考号:________一、2.Reading Comprehension(1

2022年湖南省张家界市考研外语测试卷一 (含答案) :________:________:________:________ 学校班级姓名考号 2.ReadingComprehension(10) 一、题 1.(50) 2.Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpsto preserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosun andwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican,the ScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrydatesandapricotleather. Allfoodscontainwater-cabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainasmuch as93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%and fishanythingfrom80%to60%dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswateris removed,theactivityofthebacteriathatcausefoodtodeteriorateischecked. Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterranean countries,andalsoinCalifornia,SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethods usedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsin thehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsare exposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formaking prunes,andcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,are dippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightly andremovetheirwaxcoating,soincreasingtherateofdrying. Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodof suchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblown attemperaturesofabout110℃atentrytoabout43℃atexit.Thisistheusual methodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish. Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouring themoveraheatedhorizontalsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoa chamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedried materialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupinto small,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes;"inthesecondprocessitfallsto thebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizablepiecesof meatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredried separatelyandthenmixed. Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedin cansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.For thesereasonstheyareinvaluabletoclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,