Felstiner, Abel Sarat, The Emergence and Transformation of Felstiner，阿贝尔&；萨拉特，转化的出现
Felstiner, Abel & Sarat, The Emergen__ and Transfor__tion of Disputes: Naming, Blaming,Claiming…15 L
TheEmergen__andTransfor__tionofDisputes:Naming,Blaming, Felstiner,Abel&Sarat, Claiming… 15L.&Soc’yRev.630,630-649(ex__rpts,footnotesomitted)(1981) I.INTRODUCTION Thesociologyoflawhasbeendominatedbystu___sofofficialsandfor__linstitutions andtheirworkproducts.Thisagendahasshapedthewaydisputesareunderstoodandportrayed. Institutionsreifycasesbyreducingthemtorecords;theyembodydisputesinaconcreteform thatcanbestu___dretrospectivelybyattendingtothewordsusedbylaypersonsandofficials andbyexaminingtheeconomicandlegalcontextinwhichcasesoccur(Danzig,1975).But disputesarenotthings:theyaresocialconstructs.Theirshapesreflectwhateverdefinitionthe observergivestothecon__pt.Moreover,asignificantportionofanydisputeexistsonlyinthe mindsofthedisputants. *** Assumeapopulationlivingdown-windfromanucleartestsite.Someportionofthat populationhasdevelopedcan__rasaresultoftheexposureandsomehasnot.Someofthose strickenknowthattheyaresickandsomedonot.Inorderfordisputestoemergeandremedial actiontobetaken,anunper__ivedinjuriousexperien__(unPIE,forshort)mustbetransformed intoaper__ivedinjuriousexperien__(PIE).Theuninformedcan__rvictimsmustlearnthatthey aresick.Thetransfor__tionperspectivedirectsourattentiontothedifferentialtransfor__tionof unPIEsintoPIEs.Iturgesustoexamine,inthiscase,differen__sinclass,education,work situation,socialnetworks,etc.betweenthosewhobecomeawareoftheircan__randthosewho donot,aswellasattendtothepossible__nipulationofinfor__tionbythoseresponsibleforthe radiation.***Thisfirsttransfor__tion—sayingtooneselfthataparticularexperien__has naming. beeninjurious—wecallThoughhardtostudyempirically,naming__ybethecritical transfor__tion;thelevelandkindofdisputinginasociety__yturnmoreonwhatisinitially per__ivedasaninjurythanonanylaterdecision(cf.Cahn,1949;BartonandMendlovitz,1960). and Forinstan__,a__estosisonlybecameanacknowledged"disease"thebasisofaclaimfor compensationwhenshipyardworkersstoppedtakingforgrantedthattheywouldh__etrouble breathingaftertenyearsofinstallinginsulationandcametoviewtheirconditionasaproblem. Thenextstepisthetransfor__tionofaper__ivedinjuriousexperien__intoa grievan__.Thisoccurswhenapersonattributesaninjurytothefaultofanother individualorsocialentity.Byincludingfaultwithinthedefinitionofgrievan__,welimit thecon__pttoinjuriesviewedbothasviolationsofnormsandasremediable.The definitiontakesthegrievant'sperspective:theinjuredpersonmustfeelwrongedand believethatsomethingmightbedoneinresponsetotheinjury,howeverpoliticallyor sociologicallyimprobablesucharesponsemightbe.Agrievan__mustbedistinguished fromacomplaintagainstnooneinparticular(abouttheweather,orperhapsinflation) andfromamerewishunaccompaniedbyasenseofinjuryforwhichanotherisheld responsible(Imightliketobemoreattractive).Wecallthetransfor__tionfrom blaming: per__ivedinjuriousexperien__togrievan__ourdiseasedshipyardworker
