尾矿库渗流溃坝模型实验研究

尾矿库渗流溃坝模型实验研究杨玉婷1,艾敏1,赵怀刚1,许志发1,杨安银1(1昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南 昆明 650093)摘要:本文以云南某尾矿库为工程背景,采用自制的尾矿库溃坝实验装置,开

尾矿库渗流溃坝模型实验研究 11111 杨玉婷,艾敏,赵怀刚,许志发,杨安银 (1昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093) 摘要 本文以云南某尾矿库为工程背景,采用自制的尾矿库溃坝实验装置,开展尾矿库室内 : 堆(溃)坝模型实验研究,分析在渗流破坏情况下尾矿库溃坝过程、溃口发展、下泄泥砂沉 积规律。结果表明:空隙中的可动颗粒被渗出水流带走,造成初始渗流通道建立并扩大,坝 肩中部出现“砂流溢出”和“沼泽化”现象;随着坝体集中渗流通道的扩展,出渗点位置上 部饱和坝体在自重作用下发生沉降和垮塌,并向上游呈牵引式发展,随后库内水流漫过坝顶 垮塌部分的最低点,导致溃口的形成,坝体破坏模式由逆向牵引破坏向溢流侵蚀破坏转变; 在溃坝的不同时刻溃口发展是不同的,初中期以下切为主,后期为横向展宽以主;由于水流 的分选作用,下泄泥砂在坝体下游的沉积随演进距离的增加,表现出由粗到细的规律,且不 同位置出现了粒径的分级现象。以上研究成果能为矿山的防灾减灾提供理论基础。 关键词 尾矿库;渗流破坏;溃坝过程;溃口发展;尾砂沉积 : EXPERIMENTALSTUDYONDAMBREAKMODELOFSEEPAGEIN TAILINGSRESERVOIR 1111 YangyutingAimingZhaohuaigangXuzhifa1Yanganyin FacultyofLandResourcesEngineeirngKunmingUniversityofScienceandTechnology ( ,, Kunming650093China ) , Abstract: BasedontheengineeringbackgroundofatailingsrepositoryinYunnan,a self-designedtailingreservoirdam-breakingexperimentaldevicewasusedtocarryout experimentalresearch,andtoanalyzethedam-breakingprocessofthetailingsreservoir,the developmentofthedamburst,andthesedimentdepositionundertheseepagefailure.Theresults showthat:Movableparticlesinthevoidsaretakenawaybythepermeatedwaterflow,causing theinitialpercolationchannelstobuildupandexpand,formingaconcentratedflowchannel,and theoverflowandswampingoccurredatthedamoverflowpoint.Withtheexpansionofthe concentratedseepagepassageofthedambody,thesaturateddamattheupperpartoftheoutfall pointwillsettleandcollapseundertheactionofitsownweight,andtheupstreamdambodywill developintoatractiontype,andthenthewaterflowinthereservoirwillreachthelowestpoint ofthecollapsedpartofthedamroof,andleadtotheformationofabreach,thedamfailuremode ofdamcollapsefromreversetractiondamagetooverflowerosiondifferenttimesofthe dam-break,thedevelopmentofthebreachisdifferent.Ontheearlyandmiddlestages,the developmentofthebreacharemainlybelowthecut,andthelateritisthehorizontaltothe sortingeffectofwaterflow,thedepositionofsiltinthelowerreachesofthedambodyincreases withtheevolutiondistance,showingacoarse-to-finesedimentaryrule,andagrading phenomenonofparticlesizeappearsatdifferentpositions. Keywords :tailingsreservoir;Seepagefailure;Dam-breakprocess;Damburstdevelopment;Tail sanddeposition 收稿日期: (2017YFC)() 基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目;国家自然科学基金重点项目 1995.03),(),,,E-mail 作者简介:杨玉婷(女彝安全技术及工程硕士研究生主要从事矿山岩土灾害防治与治理。:

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