生物技术历史

BC1750The Sumerians brew beer.500 The Chinese use moldy soybean curds as an antibiotic to treat boil

BC 1750 TheSumeriansbrewbeer. 500 TheChineseusemoldysoybeancurdsasanantibiotictotreatboils. 250 TheGreekspracticecroprotationtomaximizesoilfertility. 100 PowderedchrysanthemumisusedinChinaasaninsecticide. AD:Beforethe20thCentury 1590 ThemicroscopeisinventedbyJanssen. 1663 CellsarefirstdescribedbyHooke. 1675 Leeuwenhoekdiscoversprotozoaandbacteria. 1797 Jennerinoculatesachildwithaviralvaccinetoprotecthimfromsmallpox. 1802 Theword"biology"firstappears. 1824 Dutrochetdiscoversthattissueiscomposedoflivingcells. 1830 Proteinsarediscovered. 1833 Thecellnucleusisdiscovered. Thefirstenzymesareisolated. 1855 TheEscherichiacolibacteriumisdiscovered.Itlaterbecomesamajorresearch, development,andproductiontoolforbiotechnology. Pasteurbeginsworkingwithyeast,eventuallyprovingtheyarelivingorganisms. 1863 Mendel,inhisstudyofpeas,discoversthattraitsweretransmittedfromparentstoprogeny bydiscrete,independentunits,latercalledgenes.Hisobservationslaythegroundworkforthe fieldofgenetics. 1869 MiescherdiscoversDNAinthespermoftrout. 1877 AtechniqueforstainingandidentifyingbacteriaisdevelopedbyKoch. 1878 ThefirstcentrifugeisdevelopedbyLaval. Theterm"microbe"isfirstused. 1879 Flemmingdiscoverschromatin,therod-likestructuresinsidethecellnucleusthatlatercome