秸秆还田对增强土壤肥力的影响

秸秆还田对增强土壤肥力的影响 黄志浩 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 摘要:秸秆还田可以改善土壤结构,增强其保水、肥、气、热的能力,有利于提高有机质含量,使养分结构趋于合理。秸秆还田作为

秸秆还田对增强土壤肥力的影响 黄志浩 吉林农业大学资源与环境学院,长春130118 摘要:秸秆还田可以改善土壤结构,增强其保水、肥、气、热的能力,有利于提 高有机质含量,使养分结构趋于合理。秸秆还田作为一种培肥地力的农艺措施,可以 提高土壤中植物、动物和微生物的活性,促进其分泌胞外酶,增强土壤酶活性。研究 了秸秆和厩肥两种有机质还田后土壤酶活性的变化,结果表明秸秆还田可以显著提 高土壤蔗糖酶活性。秸秆还田配施氮磷肥后,一方面可以促进秸秆矿质化,为作物生 长发育提供速效养分,另一方面秸秆进入土壤增强了土壤中动物、植物和微生物的 代谢活动,加快了土壤物质循环,提高了土壤养分的生物有效性。同时,秸秆在土壤 中可以减少旱地土壤水分蒸发,促进水肥互促协同作用,提高作物水分和养分利用效 率,从而提高作物产量。 关键词:秸秆还田,氮磷配施,培肥地力 Abstract:Straw returned can improve soil structure, enhance its ability to water, fertilizer, gas and heat, is beneficial to improve the content of organic matter, nutrient structure more reasonable.Straw returned as asoil fertilizer agronomic measures, can improve the activity of plants, animals, and microorganisms in the soil, promote the secretion of extracellular enzymes, strengthen soil enzyme activity.Straw returning and manure two kinds of organic matter was studied after the change of soil enzyme activity, the results showed that straw returned can significantly improve the soil invertase activity.After the straw returned with nitrogen and phosphate, on the one hand, can promote the straw mineral, to provide available nutrients for crop growth and development, on the other hand the straw into the