中国政法大学法律英语口语试题及答案整理

1. To discuss the differences between the civil law system and the common law system. (P4 )There are

1.Todiscussthedifferencesbetweenthecivillawsystemandthecommon lawsystem.(P4) Therearemanydifferencesbetweencivillawsystemandcommonlaw system. Theoriginalplacesaredifferent.Thecivillawsystemoriginatedinancient Ⅰ Rome,andthecommonlawsystemoriginatedinEngland. 起源地不同，民法起源于古罗马，普通法起源于英格兰 Themaintraditionalsourceofthecommonlawiscases,whilethemain Ⅱ traditionalsourceofthecivillawislegislation.Thustherearemanycodesin civillawcountriesinsteadofunwrittenlawsincommonlawsystem. 普通法的主要传统渊源是案例法，民法的主要传统渊源是成文法。因此民法国家 用许多成文法典取代普通法国家的不成文法 Thecivillawsystempaysmoreattentiontosubstantivelaw;thecommon Ⅲ lawsystempaysmoreattentiontoproceduralrules. 民法法系更多关注实体法，普通法更关注程序规则 Theclassificationoflawisdifferent.Thecivillawisseparatedintopublic Ⅳ lawandprivatelaw,thecommonlawisseparatedintocommonlawand equity. 法的分类不同，民法法系分为公法和私法，普通法法系分为普通法和衡平法 Theroleofjudgesandprofessorsisanotherdifference.Sincetheoryand Ⅴ doctrinesisimportantinlegaleducationofcivillawsystem,professorplays theimportantroletoexposelawstostudents.Inthecontrary,case-lawisthe mainsourceofcommonlaw,thusthejudgeshasthediscretiontomakelaws whiletrialingcases. 法官和学者的作用不同，因为理论和学说在民法法系中的重要性，学者在教授学 生法律时十分重要。相反的，案例法是普通法法系的主要渊源，因此法官在审理 案件时有造法的自由裁量权 Thecivilprocedure:Adversarysystem()ofcommonlawsystem Ⅵ对抗式诉讼 needsthepartiestoshowthecasethejuryorthejudges.Andthejudges needtobeneutralandimpartial.Inquisitorialsystemincivil （纠问式诉讼） lawcountriesgivethejudgesthepowertoinvestigatethecaseduringthetrail andalsocanaskthepartiesandthewitnesses. 民事诉讼程序：普通法法系的对抗式需要双方把案件展示给法官或陪审团。法官 应该中立和公正。民法法系的纠问式诉讼给予法官在审理过程中调查案件的权 力，也可以讯问双方当事人和证人。 2TodiscussthemainfeaturesoftheAmericancourtsystem (P17-19)