旅游管理专业英语第二版段开成讲义Lesson05Definitionofleadership

Definition of leadership In common usage, leadership generally refers to:the position or office of a

Definitionofleadership leadership Incommonusage,generallyrefersto: ● thepositionorofficeofanfigure,suchasa authorityPresident ● agroupofinfluentialpeople,suchasaunionleadership ● guidanceordirection,asinthephrase"theemperorisnotprovidingmuch leadership" ● capacityorabilitytolead,asinthephrase"sheexercisedeffectiveleadership" Ifwedefineleadershipsimplyas"influencingotherstosomepurpose"andwedefine as"beinginfluencedbyotherstoacceptsomepurpose",thenleadershipand followership followershipemergeastwosidesofthesamecoin.Inthisscenario,leadership--whether successfulornot--hasnotoccurreduntilatleastonefollowerjoinsin.Likewise,no followershipexistswithoutsomeoneorsomething(notnecessarilyaleader)tofollow. However,inthislattercase,theleadershipneednotbedeliberateorevenconscious,that is,followerscanfollowsomeonewhoisnottryingtolead.Somesee"unconscious leadership leadership"asadubiousconcept,however.Many,usingadifferentdefinitionof, wouldclaimthatitdoesnotclassifyasleadershipatallbecausenodeliberateintentionto leadexists.Unconsciousleadingbyexamplemayexemplifythis. Leadershipasapositionofauthority OnHeroes,Hero-Worship,andtheHeroicinHistory In,demonstratedthe ThomasCarlyle conceptofleadershipasapositionof.Inpraisinguseof authorityOliverCromwell's tobringKingtotrialandeventual,hewrotethefollowing: powerCharlesIbeheading "Letusremark,meanwhile,howindispensableeverywhereaKingis,inallmovementsof men.Itisstrikinglyshown,inthisveryWar,whatbecomesofmenwhentheycannot http://ibiblio.org/gutenberg/etext97/heros10.txt findaChiefMan,andtheirenemiescan."() [3] Fromthisviewpoint,leadershipemergeswhenanas"leader"managestoreceive entity deferencefromotherentitieswhobecome"followers".AndasthepassagefromCarlyle demonstrates,theprocessofgettingdeferencecanbecomecompetitiveinthatthe emerging"leader"draws"followers"fromthefactionsoftheprior"leaders." Intheof1787,theAmericanrejectedtheideaofa ConstitutionalConventionFounders monarch.Buttheystillproposedleadershipasapositionofauthority,withtheauthority splitinto,thelegislative,theexecutive,andthejudiciary.Thatis,underthe threepowers Americantheory,theauthorityofleadershipderivedfromthepowerofthevoters conveyedthroughthe.Andmanyindividualssharedinleadershipasa electoralcollege positionofauthority,includingthemanylegislatorsintheSenateandtheHouseof Representatives. Leadershipasapositionofauthority,comparisonwithotherapes