欧洲文化入门课后习题答案

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欧洲文化入门课后习题答案： Division one: Greek culture and Roman culture 希腊、罗马文化 Greek culture Ⅰ.希腊文化 1. What are the major elements in European culture? There are two main elements ——the Greco-Roman element and the Judeo-Christian element. 2. What were the main features of ancient Greek society? In Greek society, only adult male citizen had real power and the citizenship was aset of rights which aman inherited from his father. The economy of Athens rested on an immense amount of slave labor. Slaves worked for their masters. The exploitation was aserious social problem. The Greeks loved sports. They often took part in the contests of sports in Olympus Mount, thus Olympic Games came into being. 3. What did Homer do? Why is he important in the history of European literature? He depicted the great Greek men who lived in the period 1200-1100B.C. and wars happening at that time. As an author of epics, he employed fine literary language to describe wars and men, even though they were dull. He stood in the peek of Greek literature and exerted agreat influence on his followers. 4. Who were the outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece? What important plays did each of them write? Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides were three outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece. Prometheus Bound, Persians, Agamemnon Aeschylus: Oedipus the King, Electra, Antigone Sophocles: Andromache, Medea, Trojan Women Euripides: 5. Were there historians then? Who were they? What did each of them write about? Yes, there are. They were Herodotus and Thucydides. Herodotus wrote about the wars between Greeks and Persians. Thucydides wrote about the war between Athens and Sparta and between Athens and Syracuse. 6. Would you say that philosophy was highly developed then? Who were the major philosophers? No, Iwouldn’t. Because those philosophical ideas were only idealism or simple materialism or metaphysics. Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were the major philosophers at that time. 7. Did Socrates write any book? How then do we know about him? What distinguished his philosophy? No, he didn’t. We know Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in the famous Dialogues written by Plato. He considered that philosophy rested with the dissect of oneself and virtue was high worth of life. His method of argument, by questions and answers, was known as the dialectical method. 8. Tell some of Plato’s ideas. Why do people call him an idealist? (1) Men have knowledge because of the existence of certain general “ideas”, like beauty, truth, and goodness. (2) We should not look at the things which are not seen: for the things which are not seen eternal. Because he emphasized the importance of “ideas” and believed that “thought” had created the world, people call him an idealist. 9. In what important ways was Aristotle different from Plato? What are some of Aristotle’s works