Atomic Theory Basic Facts to Know：原子理论的基本事实的认识

Atomic Theory: Basic Facts to KnowThe modern model of the atom has evolved (changed) over a long pe

AtomicTheory:BasicFactstoKnow 1. modernmodeloftheatomhasevolvedchangedlongperiodoftime The()overathrough theworkof__nyscientists. 2. JJThomson’sModelAtom“plumpudding”modelHedescribedthe oftheiscalledthe. atomash__ingnegativechargesscatteredthroughoutapositivesphere. 3. Rutherford’sAlphaScatteringExperimenttheatomcontainsa leadtohistheorythat __all,dense,positivelycharged__ntercalledthenucleusandthatmostoftheatomis emptyspa__. 4. BohrModeleachelectronhasadistinctamountofenergy Theoftheatomproposedthat andtheelectronstr__elindefiniteorbits(energylevels)aroundthenucleus . 5. W__e-MechanicalModelorbitals The(ElectronCloudModel)stateselectronsarein. Orbitalsregionsofmostprobableelectronlocation arenotringsorshells,theyare. 6. nucleusoverallpositivechargesurroundedbyoneormore Eachatomhasa,withan; negativelychargedelectrons. 7. Protonsandneutronsarethesubatomicparticlesfoundinthenucleusoftheatom . 8. nucleuspositive Theoftheatomisduetothepresen__ofpositiveprotonsandneutral neutrons. 9. nuclearchargenumberofpositiveprotons Theofanatomisequaltotheinitsnucleus. Forexample,chlorinehasanatomicnumberof17,soitsnuclearchargeis+17. 10. protonpositivelychargedneutronneutralelectronnegatively Theis,theis,andtheis charged . 11. Overallanatomiselectronicallyneutralnumberofpositiveprotonsisequal becausethe tothenumberofnegativeelectrons . 12. The__ssofeachprotonandeachneutronisapproxi__tely1atomic__ssunit(amu). Anelectron’s__ssismuchless(1/1___amu)andweassignita__ssofzeroamu. 13. Oneatomic__ssunit1/12the__ssofacarbon-12atom (amu)isequalto. 14. numberofprotonsatomicnumber Theinanatomisequaltoits. 15. numberofelectronsatomicnumber Theinanatomisequaltoits. 16. __ssnumberatomic__ssroundednearestwholenumber Theofanatomisitsofftothe. 17. numberofneutronsits__ssnumberminusitsatomicnumber. Theinanatomisequalto 18. Eachelectroninanatomhasitsowndistinctamountofenergy. 19. Electronconfiguration (ex:2-8-3)____sthenumberofelectronsineachenergylevelofan atom. 2 20. equation2n__ximumnumberofelectrons Theisusedtodeterminethethatcanbein eachenergylevel . nd 21. 1stenergylevel2electrons2energylevel8electrons Thecanholdupto,thecanhold, rdth 318electrons432electrons thecanholdandthecanholdupto. 22. Whenelectronsareinthelowest__ailableenergylevels(asshownonthePeriodic Table),theelectronsareinthe“groundstate”. (ex:2-8-7) 23. Whenanelectrongainsaspecificamountofenergyandmovestoahigherenergylevel itisinthe“excitedstate”. (ex:2-7-8)Noti__thatyoucan’tfindthiselectronconfiguration onyourPeriodicTable. 24. Whenanelectronreturnsfromahigherenergystate(excitedstate)toalowerenergy state(groundstate),aspecificamountofenergyisemitted(givenoff).Thisemitted energycanbeusedtoidentifytheelement(spectrallines). 25. Spectrallinesbandsofcolor areseenwhenthelightgivenoffbyexcitedatomsisviewed