新语法学派和维尔纳定律

TheNeogrammarians新语法学派(alsoYoungGrammarians,GermanJunggrammatiker)wereaGermanschoolofling

T h e N e o g r a m m a r i a n s 新语法学派 (alsoYoungGrammarians,GermanJunggrammatiker)wereaGermanof school linguists,attheUniversityofLeipzig,inthe19thcenturywho originallylate proposedtheNeogrammarianhypothesisoftheregularityofchange.According sound tothishypothesis,adiachronicaffectssimultaneouslyallwordsin soundchange whichitsenvironmentismet,withoutexception.lawisafamousof Verner'sexample theNeogrammarianhypothesis,asitresolvedanapparentexceptiontoGrimm'slaw. TheNeogrammarianhypothesisthefirsthypothesisoftoattemptto wassoundchange followtheprincipleoffalsifiabilityaccordingtoscientificmethod.Todaythis hypothesisisconsideredmoreofaprinciplethananexceptionlessfact,as guiding numerousofdiffusion(whereaaffectsonlyafew exampleslexicalsoundchange wordsatfirstandthengraduallyspreadstootherwords)havebeenattested. contributionsoftheNeogrammarianstogeneralwere: Otherlinguistics ?Theobjectofinvestigationisnotthelanguagesystem,butratherthe linguistic idiolect,thatis,languageasitislocalizedintheindividual,andthereforeisdirectly observable. ?Autonomyofthelevel:beingthemostobservableaspectoflanguage,the sound levelisseenasthemostimportantlevelofdescription,andabsoluteautonomy sound ofthelevelfromsyntaxandsemanticsisassumed. sound ?Historicism:thechiefgoalofinvestigationisthedescriptionofthe linguistic historicalofalanguage. change ?ifthepremiseoftheinviolabilityoflawsfails,analogybe Analogy:soundcan asanexplanationifplausible.Thus,exceptionsareunderstoodtobea applied (regular)adaptationtoarelatedform. LeadingNeogrammarianlinguists included: ?OttoBehaghel ? WilhelmBraune ?Brugmann Karl ?BertholdDelbrck ü ?August Leskien ?AdolfNoreen ?HermannOsthoff ?Hermann Paul ? EduardSievers ? KarlVerner theirstronginfluenceintheirtime,themethodsandgoalsofthe Despite Neogrammarianshavebeencriticizedfromvariouspointsofview[citationneeded], butmainlyfor:reducingtheobjectofinvestigationtotheidiolect;restricting themselvestothedescriptionofsurfacephenomenalevel);overvaluationof (sound historicallanguagesandneglectofcontemporaryones. V e r n e r ' s l a w , byin1875,ahistorical statedKarlVernerdescribessound intheProto-Germaniclanguagewhereby*f,*t,*h changevoicelessfricatives*s, (including*h?),whenimmediatelyfollowinganunstressedinthesame syllable