2019-2020年高中英语 语法之主谓一致（一）学案 新人教版

2019-2020年高中英语 语法之主谓一致（一）学案 新人教版 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意

2019-2020年高中英语 语法之主谓一致（一）学案 新人教版 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其 规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。 （一）语法一致原则： 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。 1、以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式； is working 主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：His father on the farm. /To study English isiswere well not easy. /What he said very important for us all. /The children in the is classroom two hours ago. /Reading in the sun bad for your eyes. 注意 ：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句 were 是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。如：What Ibought three is (are) English books. /What Isay and do helpful to you. 2、由连接词and或both …and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。如：Lucy arearewere and Lily twins. /She and Iclassmates. /The boy and the girl surprised when are they heard the news. /Both she and he Young Pioneers. 注意 ：① 若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。如：The has e. writer and artist ;/ ②由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a(an) ,many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。如：Every student and every teacher waslikes in the room.. /No boy and no girl it. 3、主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； has e 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。如：Mr Green, together with his wife and children, to wasis China. /Nobody but Jim and Mike on the playground. /She, like you and Tom, very tall. 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代 has is 词，都作单数看待。如：Each of us anew book. /Everything around us matter. 注意 ：① 在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词（或代词）”作主语时，其谓语动词 is (are) 也可用复数。如：Neither of the texts interesting. ②若none of后面的名词是不可数名 词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。如：None has (have) been of us to America. 5、在定语从句时，关系代词that, who, which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一 are working 致。如：He is one of my friends who hard. /He is the only one of my friends who isworking hard. 6、如果集体名词指的是整个集体，它的谓语动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语动词就用复 is 数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, mittee, population, audience等。如：Class Four on are the third floor. /Class Four unable to agree upon amonitor. 注意are looking ：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。如：The police for the lost child. 7、由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及 由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。如： areis There alot of people in the classroom. /The rest of the lecture wonderful. /50% are of the students in our class girls. 注意 ：a number of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“…的数量”， 主语是number，谓语用单数。 esare 8、在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：There the bus./ On the wall is are many pictures. /Suchthe result. /Such the facts.