英语被动语态讲解及习题

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English．（主动语态） English is s

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： Many people speak English ．（主动语态） English is spoken by many people ．（被动语态） 1 ．被动语态的构成 “be” 由于不及物动词不能带宾语，故无被动语态，只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态，其基本构成方式是助动词＋过去分词。 “be” befeellookseem 注意：＋过去分词结构不一定都是被动语态，有些动词（如，，，等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，用作表语表示状态。如： My bike is broken ．（我的自行车坏了。） The door is open ．（门开了。） 2 ．主动语态改被动语态的方法 1“be” ）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为＋过去分词结构；③将主动 by 语态的主语改为介词之后的宾语，放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）。 2 ）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主 to for 语，此时，间接宾语前要加介词或。如： He gave the boy an apple→The boy was given an appleAn apple was given to the boy ．．（或．） Her father bought her apresent→She was bought apresent by her fatherA present was bought for her by her father ．．（或．） 3toto ）不带的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态，改为被动语态时不定式前要加。如： They watched the children sing that morning→The children were watched to sing that morning ．． 4 ）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语，宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语。如： We call him Xiao Wang→He is called Xiao Wang ．． He cut his hair short→His hair was cut short ．． They told him to help me→He was told to help me ．． 5 ）短语动词是不可分割的整体，改为被动语态时要保持其完整性，介词或副词不可遗漏。如： We must take good care of the young trees→The young trees must be taken good care of ．．